1 / 19

Evolution of the Piano: From Bartolomeo Cristofori to Modern Innovations

Explore the rich history of the piano, from Bartolomeo Cristofori's invention in 1709 to modern advancements like Erard's repetition action on grand pianos and Steinway's cast-iron string plate. Learn about the anatomy of a piano, including the interaction of strings and the soundboard, modes of vibration, and the importance of the piano case in vibration termination.

mchandra
Download Presentation

Evolution of the Piano: From Bartolomeo Cristofori to Modern Innovations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. II Acoustic Reality II.4.1 (M Sept 16) The Piano

  2. Some History In 1709 harpsichord (cembalo) constructor Bartolomeo Cristofori in Florence invented the instrument, he called gravicembalo col piano e forte. Here an instrument built in 1720 at Metropolitan Museum of Art (sound_example_1)

  3. Some History string The historical instrument’s action looks like this hammer (leather on wood) harpsichord action: key

  4. An exploded grand piano sound board, spruce cast iron plate rim, maple

  5. Modern piano‘s anatomy

  6. The action of a modern piano Have also Erard‘s repetition action on grand pianos!

  7. The agraffe and the bridge terminate the free strings tuning pins

  8. The pull forces for Cristofori‘s and for modern pianos 70N versus 830 Nper string total: 7,500 N versus210,000 N ~ 30 x more! Since 1855 (Steinway) need no more wooden, but cast-iron string plate, 160-180 kg

  9. The durometer to measure hammer hardness

  10. Where to hit the strings L d hammer

  11. The soundboard (spruce), 6.5-9.5 mm, 4 modes (with Chladni figures) 49Hz 67Hz 89Hz 184Hz

  12. Modes mobility = velocity/force without strings and plate fully equipped

  13. The piano case/rim 80-90 mm150-200 kg maple or beech wood, important for massivetermination of vibration of the soundboard

  14. The interaction of strings and soundboard string(s) exchange of energy bridge/soundboard strong coupling —> high energy transfer —> loud, fast decay weak coupling —> low energy transfer —> quiet, slow decay need „trade-off“!

  15. Three directions of string and bridge vibrations vertical horizontal longitudinal

  16. Longitudinal vibrations E1 = 41 Hz Sound Level Frequency sound_example_4, 5, 6, 7

  17. Vertical and horizontal vibration for decay function

  18. Horizontal and vertical vibration for decay function strong coupling caused by vertical vibration, loud, energy transfer to bridge —> fast decay weak coupling —> low energy transfer —> quiet, slow decay the second is caused by horizontal vibration and coupling with second string

  19. coupling with second string and mistuning uncouple second string strong energy exchange via bridge/soundboard

More Related