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Analogies

Analogies. Another way to show relationships in writing!!!. :. What are analogies? . Analogies develop logic by analyzing two words to identify the relationship between them Analogies match pairs of words with the same relationship. :. ::. :.

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Analogies

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  1. Analogies Another way to show relationships in writing!!! :

  2. What are analogies? • Analogies develop logic by analyzing two words to identify the relationship between them • Analogies match pairs of words with the same relationship : :: : “An apple is to the color red as an orange is to the color orange.”

  3. How do you read/write analogies? • FIND : LOCATE :: lose : misplace • Colon stands for the phrase “is related to” • FIND [is related to] LOCATE::LOSE [is related to] MISPLACE • Double colon (::) stands for “in the same way that” • Read it as: FIND is to LOCATE as loseis to misplace. Ask Yourself: What is the relationship between the words “find” and “locate”? How is it similar to the relationship between the words “lose” and “misplace?”

  4. Analogies show relationship • Analogies can show many relationships. These relationships are divided into the following categories: • Synonym/Antonym • Part of the Whole • Characteristic/Quality • Classification • Cause/Effect • Function • Location • Degree • Performer/Related Object • Performer/Related Action • Action/Related Object

  5. Synonym/Antonym • Synonyms: Words that have similar meanings • What’s the relationship? • DRY : ARID :: lost : mislaid • Both words have similar meanings so this relationship is a synonym. • Antonyms: Words that have opposite meanings • What’s the relationship? • KIND : CRUEL :: happy : sad • Both words have opposite meanings, so their relationship is an antonym

  6. Part and Whole • Words are related because one is a part of another • What’s the relationship? • CHAPTER : BOOK :: fender : automobile • A chapter is a part of a book just as a fender is a part of an automobile. • What’s the relationship? • POEM : STANZA :: play : acts • It’s still Part and Whole, but this time the whole comes first.

  7. Characteristic/Quality • Words are related based on similar characteristics or qualities • What’s the relationship? • MIRROR : SMOOTH :: sandpaper : rough • Mirrors are characteristically smooth just as sandpaper is characteristically rough. • Let’s try some…. • Summer: hot:: winter: __?___ • Floor: hard:: pillow: ________ • Amber: blonde:: Erica: _______

  8. Classification • Relates words based on how they are classified/categorized • What’s the relationship? • POLKA : DANCE :: frog : amphibian BIRD : CARDINAL :: house : igloo • A polka may be classified as a dance; a cardinal is classified as a bird.

  9. Cause/Effect • Relationship is based off of how one thing impacts another • What’s the relationship? • GIFT : JOY :: rain : flood TEARS : SADNESS :: smiles : joy • A gift can causejoy; tears are an effect of sadness.

  10. Function • Relationship is based on the way something operates or is used • Can also be called “purpose” analogies • What’s the relationship? • KNIFE : CUT :: shovel : dig • The function of a knife is to cut.

  11. Location • Relationship is based on where something is found/located • What’s the relationship? • FISH : SEA :: moose : forest • A fish can be found in the sea, just as a moose can be found in a forest.

  12. Degree • Relationship is based on the degree or intensity to which something goes or is done • What’s the relationship? • CHUCKLE : LAUGH :: whimper : cry • These words differ in degree. One is more intense than the other.

  13. Performer/Object • Relationship is based on how a person uses or relates to an object • What’s the relationship? • CASHIER : CASH :: plumber : pipe • A cashier works with cash, just as a plumber works with pipes.

  14. Performer/Action • This relationship is based on how a person relates to or performs an action. • What’s the relationship? • AUTHOR : WRITE :: chef : cook • You expect an author to write, just as you expect a chef to cook.

  15. Action/Object • How an action is related to an object; how an object is used in an action • What’s the relationship? • BOIL : EGG :: throw : ball • You boil an egg, just as you throw a ball. (In these items, the object always receives the action.)

  16. Now you try it! Your job: • Choose one TYPE of analogy (part/whole, synonym/antonym, performer/object, etc) to study more closely • Come up with YOUR OWN analogy set that matches the type of analogy you have chosen. (Ex – part/whole = The Deathly Hallows : The Harry Potter Series :: Catching Fire : The Hunger Games Series) • Using blank paper, art supplies, magazines, and your own creativity, write out your analogy set and ILLUSTRATE IT by drawing each part of the analogy or finding pictures in magazines. • When you’re done, LABEL the type of analogy and provide the definition of that analogy type • ** SEE THE EXAMPLE ON THE NEXT SLIDE!!

  17. Example • Part to Whole: words are related to one another because one is a part of the other APPLE : THE COLOR RED :: AN ORANGE : THE COLOR ORANGE : :: :

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