CHAPTER 23

1. CHAPTER 23 The New Deal

2. Chapter 23 Section 1 Forging a New Deal

3. I. Identify the programs FDR created to restore the nation’s hope. • A. New Deal • 1. FDR’s program of relief, recovery, and reform • B. Restoring the Nation’s Hope • 1. “The Only Thing We Have To Fear Is Fear Itself” • 2. Fireside chats • C. The First Hundred Days • 1. FDR pushed Congress to pass legislation to improve the economy by providing relief, creating jobs, and stimulating the economy.

4. I. Identify the programs FDR created to restore the nation’s hope. • D. Closing the Banks • 1. Closed all banks for four days “bank holiday” • 2. Emergency Banking Act authorizing the government to inspect the financial health of all banks • 3. Americans regained confidence • 4. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) • a. Secure money in banks • b. $5,000.00 – today $100,000.00

5. I. Identify the programs FDR created to restore the nation’s hope. • E. Providing Relief and Creating Jobs • 1. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) • a. FDR put money into public works programs • b. Government funded programs to build public facilities • c. Civil Works Administration (CWA) – roads, parks, airports • d. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) – forests, beaches

6. I. Identify the programs FDR created to restore the nation’s hope. • F. A helping hand to Business • 1. National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) • a. Stabilize industrial prices • b. National Recovery Administration (NRA) – industry codes for regulating wages, working conditions, production, and prices • c. Public Works Administration (PWA) - bridges • d. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) – regulates the stock market

9. I. Identify the programs FDR created to restore the nation’s hope. • G. Saving Homes and Farms • 1. Home Owner’s Loan Corporation (HOLC) • a. Refinanced, or reshaped the terms of mortgages • 2. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) • a. Subsides – government financial assistance • H. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) • 1. Cheap electricity, flood control, and recreation

10. I. Identify the programs FDR created to restore the nation’s hope. • I. Eleanor Roosevelt • 1. Had to travel due to FDR’s disability • 2. Reported on conditions in the country

11. II. Identify key New Deal personnel, and explain why the New Deal faltered. • A. New Deal Personnel • 1. Brain Trust – informed group who devised policies • 2. Women held cabinet positions • 3. African Americans held policy-making positions • B. The New Deal Falters • 1. FDR’s programs were attacked by the Supreme Court • 2. (NIRA) and (AAA) ruled unconstitutional

12. III. Describe the Second New Deal and how the voters responded to it in the 1936 election. • A. Second New Deal • 1. Critics wanted legislation to help ordinary Americans • 2. Social welfare, unions, taxes on rich • B. New and Expanded Agencies • 1. Works Progress Administration (WPA) • a. Playgrounds, schools, and hospitals • 2. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) • a. Tenant/Sharecroppers • b. Migrant workers

13. III. Describe the Second New Deal and how the voters responded to it in the 1936 election. • C. New Labor Legislation • 1. Wagner Act setup National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) • a. Unions, banned child labor, minimum wage • D. Social Legislation • 1. Social Security Administration (SSA) • a. Old-age pensions and survivor benefits • b. Unemployment insurance • c. Aid for dependent children, the blind, and physically disabled • E. Election of 1936 • 1. Electoral votes 523-8 – Roosevelt wins 2nd Term

14. Chapter 23 Section 2 The New Deal’s Critics

15. I. Identify which Americans received only limited benefits from the New Deal. • A. Preference was given to men and boys • B. Women –disadvantage • 1. Failed to protect domestic workers • C. African Americans • 1. Programs reinforced racial segregation • 2. FDR refused to support anti-lynching laws because he did not want to offend powerful Southern Congressmen

16. II. Describe how politicians and demagogues criticized the New Deal. • A. New Deal Does Too Much • 1. Republican criticized New Deal as being Socialists • 2. American Liberty League – limited individual freedom • B. New Deal Does Not Enough • 1. Socialists/Progressives claimed New Deal did not do enough to re-distribute wealth • C. Demagogues • 1. Deceptive leaders who manipulates people with half-truths • 2. Father Charles E. Coughlin, priest and radio host • 3. Huey Long – Louisiana politician distribution of wealth

17. III. Explain FDR’s Court-Packing Scheme. • A. Court-Packing Scheme • 1. Attracted greatest opposition • 2. FDR was frustrated by a Supreme Court that had invalidated New Deal programs and progressive state laws

19. Chapter 23 Section 3 Last Days of the New Deal

20. I. Explain what caused the recession of 1937. • A. Short-term economic improvement was the result of massive government spending. • B. Recession of 1937 • 1. Reduced consumer spending • 2. FDR cut back on expensive relief programs because he was worried about the rising national debt • a. National debt – total amount of money the federal government has borrowed and has yet paid back

21. II. Identify labor union triumphs resulting from the New Deal. • A. Under the New Deal, labor unions were legalized and grew stronger. • 1. Wagner Act increased membership – legalized collective bargaining • B. Era of Strikes • 1. Sit-down strikes were so successful that the Supreme Court outlawed them

22. III. Describe the effects of the New Deal in terms of culture and lasting achievements. • A. Literature • 1. Pearl Buck’s novel The Good Earth • 2. John Steinbeck’s novel The Grapes of Wrath • B. Radio and Movies • 1. Escape the gloom of the Depression • 2. Comedy and Soap Operas • 3. Technicolor – Wizard of Oz • 4. Walt Disney – Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs • C. The WPA and the Arts • 1. WPA funds supported unemployed artists

23. III. Describe the effects of the New Deal in terms of culture and lasting achievements. • D. Lasting Achievements • 1. A restored sense of hope • 2. Buildings, dams, and bridges • 3. SEC, TVA, FDIC, and Social Security