Regional Workshop on Population and Housing Censuses for South Eastern European Countries

1. Joint UNECE-UNFPA Regional Training Workshop on Population and Housing Censuses for South Eastern European countries Population to be enumerated : enumeration strategies and implications on the design of census questionnaires Donatella Zindato Istat – Population Census Department Ohrid, 24-26 November 2008

2. Population to be enumerated Population to be enumerated = usually resident population According to the CES Recommendations, the census is a count of the total usually resident population of a country, identified on the basis of the so-called ‘12 months criterion’ → the place of usual residence is • the place where a person has lived for a continuous period of at least 12 months before Census Day OR • the place where a person has arrived during the 12 monthsbefore census day with the intention of staying there for at least 1 year

3. Place of enumeration Where to count usually resident persons? Several possible strategies of enumeration • place of enumeration = place of usual residence • place of enumeration = place of presence at the time of the census • place of enumeration = place of ‘permanent residence’

4. 1. Place of usual residence People are enumerated at their place of usual residence, even if absent at census reference moment For each living quarter (conventional dwellings, other housing units, collective living quarters), individuals to be enumerated comprise • persons usually resident in the living quarter → Individual questionnaire • persons temporarily present in the living quarter at the time of the census but usually resident elsewhere → No individual questionnaire

5. 1. Place of usual residence (cont.) • LIST 1 – Household members (persons usually resident in the household, including persons temporarily absent i.e. persons absent or expected to be absent for less than 1 year) • LIST 2 – Persons temporarily present on Census Day but usually resident elsewhere • All persons resident and/or present in the living quarter are enumerated but a distinction is made between persons usually resident and persons temporarily present • Individual questionnaire is filled in only for persons in List 1 i.e. for persons usually resident in the household

6. 1. Place of usual residence (cont.) Key issue  usually resident persons need to be identified a priori • how to distinguish between persons usually resident (List 1) and persons temporarily present (List 2) EXAMPLE • Persons usually resident in the dwelling = members of the household who have lived in the dwelling for a continuous period of at least 12 months or have moved into the dwelling during the 12 months before Census Day with the intention of staying for at least 1 year • Persons temporarily present on Census Day but usually resident elsewhere = persons not living or not expecting to live in the dwelling for a period of at least 12 months

7. 1. Place of usual residence (cont.) Key issue what is to be intended for temporary absence? • how to distinguish between persons temporarily absent (List 1) and persons not to be included in the census EXAMPLE Absent persons living abroad (relatives of the household members formerly living at this address and who are currently living abroad or who are expected to live abroad for 1 year or more) are not to be considered temporarily absent.

8. 1. Place of usual residence (cont.) Implications on population count • Persons temporarily present will not complete the individual questionnaire → they are expected to complete it at their place of usual residence • Entire households temporarily absent (staying abroad) will NOT be includedin the usually resident population

9. 2. Place of presence People are enumerated at the place where they are present on the night of … (census reference moment) For each living quarter, individuals to be enumerated comprise • persons (including visitors) who spent the night of … (census reference moment) in the household→ Individual questionnaire • household members who are usually resident in the household but who are temporarily away on the night of … (census reference moment) → No individual questionnaire

10. 2. Place of presence (cont.) • LIST 1 – Persons present in the household on the night of … (including visitors) • LIST 2 – Persons temporarily away from the household on the night of … • All persons present and/or resident in the living quarter are enumerated but a distinction is made between persons being present and persons usually resident but temporarily away on Census Day • Individual questionnaire is filled in only for persons in List 1 i.e. persons present on the night of … (census reference moment)

11. 2. Place of presence (cont.) Key issue  usually resident persons are identified a posteriori • how to identify persons temporarily away from the household on the night of … (census reference moment) EXAMPLE • household members who usually live at this address but who were absent on the night of … (e.g. students living away from home during term time, household members away for business or holidays, etc.)

12. 2. Place of presence (cont.) Implications on population count • Persons present in the household on the night of … and usually resident out of the country will complete the individual questionnaire and will be identified during the processing phase (‘Where do you usually live?’) • Persons usually resident but temporarily away on Census night and present at another address in the country will complete the individual questionnaire at that address (some information might be collected in their place of usual residence) • Persons usually resident but temporarily away and abroad on Census night will NOT complete the individual questionnaire (some information might be collected in their place of usual residence)

13. 3. Place of ‘permanent residence’ People are enumerated at their place of ‘permanent residence’ (it might be the place where they are registered or not ), even if absent at census reference moment For each living quarter individuals to be enumerated comprise • all ‘permanent residents’, including those who are not present on the night of … (census reference moment) • all persons who are present on the night of … (census reference moment) but who are not ‘permanent residents’ • Individual questionnaire is filled in for all ‘permanent residents’ and for allpersons present on the night of … (census reference moment)

14. 3. Place of ‘permanent residence’ (cont.) Questions in individual questionnaire • Is the person a ‘permanent resident’ of the place of enumeration? • Yes, permanent resident → please answer to B • No, temporary present → please answer to E and F • Is the person present in the place of enumeration? • Yes • No → please answer to C and D

15. 3. Place of ‘permanent residence’ (cont.) For persons ‘permanently resident’ who are absent in the place of enumeration • Reason of absence • Duration (intention) of absence For persons temporarily present in the place of enumeration • Reason of presence • Duration (intention) of presence

16. 3. Place of ‘permanent residence’ (cont.) • Key issue  usually resident persons are identified a posteriori • how to identify persons not to be counted in the usually resident population (persons who cannot be considered usually resident according to international criteria) • EXAMPLE • What is the real duration of your absence or staying? • Up to 2 months • Between 2 and 6 months • Between 6 and 12 months • 12 months and more

17. 3. Place of ‘permanent residence’ (cont.) Implications on population count • Persons not permanently resident in the place of enumeration are asked to fill in a shorter number of questions → how about people who are not registered at that address? Only few information will be collected for them • Information is collected twice for persons not permanently resident in the place of enumeration (once in the place of temporarily presence and once in the place of ‘permanent residence’)

18. Persons not to be included in the census Absent persons living abroad = former residents living abroad such as former household members previously living in the dwelling • Strategies 1 and 2 → possibility of supplementary list (or supplementary form) for enumerating former household members living abroad • Strategy 3 → questions in the individual form to ascertain duration of the absence and intention

19. Total population count • Which are the implications of the different approaches on the total usually resident population count? • Who will be included in the total population count and who will not depending on the chosen approach?

20. Total population count Enumeration in the place of usual residence INCLUDED • All persons usually resident in the country, even if absent from their address of usual residence at Census reference moment • Usually resident and present (direct answer) • Usually resident and absent (proxy answer) NOT INCLUDED • Entire households temporarily absent (especially if staying abroad)

21. Total population count Enumeration in the place of presence INCLUDED • All persons present in the country • Persons present and usually resident in the country • Persons present and not usually resident in the country NOT INCLUDED • Persons usually resident being absent on the night of … (abroad)

22. Total population count Enumeration in the place of ‘permanent residence’ INCLUDED • All persons ‘permanently resident’ in the country, even if absent from their address of ‘permanent residence’ at Census reference moment • ‘Permanently resident’ and present (direct answer) • ‘Permanently present’ and absent (proxy answer) NOT INCLUDED • Persons not ‘registered’ (who are not ‘permanent residents’ at any address in the country)

23. Usually resident population • Is there a best practice? • Is there a ‘less recommended’ practice? • How about compliance with international rules on usual residence?

24. Which population? • All persons usually resident in the country (exception: entire households temporarily abroad) • All persons present in the country • All persons ‘permanently resident’ in the country

25. Main issues • Who are we missing? • Who are we including? • Which are the pros and cons of each approach? • All persons present in the country / All persons ‘permanently resident’ in the country → Is it possible to obtain a total count of usually resident population?