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Understanding Fluid Systems: Pascal's Law and Pressure Calculations

Dive into the principles of fluid systems, Pascal's law, and pressure calculations in this chapter. Learn how force is transmitted equally in enclosed systems and master formulae for calculating pressure in various scenarios. Discover natural and man-made fluid systems and their applications.

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Understanding Fluid Systems: Pascal's Law and Pressure Calculations

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  1. Chapter 9 :Many technologies are based on the properties of Fluids

  2. What we will learn this chapter • Pascal’s law states when force is applied in an enclosed system, the increase is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid • There are both natural and manufactured fluid systems

  3. Fluid Systems Definition: Examples Body’s circulatory system Respiratory system Movement of sap in trees • A fluid system is a group of parts, including at least one fluid, that interact with each other and function together as a whole.

  4. Pascal´s Law • Blaise Pascal in the mid-1600s, investigated what happens when force is applied to a closed system Pascal Law: States that when force is applied to an enclosed fluid, the increase in pressure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid.

  5. Transmitting pressure in a fluid • A fluid exerts pressure on any surface it touches • Squeezing a bottle increases the pressure equally everywhere in the bottle

  6. What is a confined fluid? • Any fluid in a closed system • The fluids can move around the system, but cannot leave the system • Ex: blood, air mattress

  7. Calculating Pascal • The unit for pressure is Pa (Pascal) • You can determine pressure if you know the force and the area. • If force increases --> pressure increases • If area increases --> pressure decreases

  8. Formula for Pressure • Formula: Pressure (P) = Force (F) Area (A) Force (f) =Area x Pressure Area = Force Pressure

  9. Sample Problem: Pressure • An aquarium is filled with water that weighs 10 000N. If the base of the aquarium has an area of 1.6 m², what pressure does the water exert on its base?

  10. Unit for pressure is Pa Answer G= Force= 10, 000 N Area = 1.6m² R = p? A= F/A S= P=10 000N 1.6m² =P = 6250 Pa S= The pressure excerted on the base is 6250 Pa

  11. Sample Question: Force If the atmospheric pressure is 101 200 Pa and you are holding your hand, the atmosphere is exerting a force on your hand. If the area of your palm is 0.006m², calculate the force on your hand.

  12. Answer: Unit for force is N G: Pressure= 101 200 Pa Area= 0.006m² R:F? A: F= AXP S: F= 101 200 x 0.006m²= 607.2 N S= The force of my hand would be 607 N

  13. Sample Question: Area The weight of water in a glass is 4.9 N. If the water is exerting a pressure of 1700 Pa on the bottom of the glass, what is the area of the bottom of the glass?

  14. Sample Question: Area Unit for are is m2 G: Force= 4.9N P=1700Pa R: A? A: A= F/P S: A= 4.9N/1700Pa = 0.0029 m2 S: The area of the bottom of the glass is 0.0029 m2

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