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Historical Linguistics

Historical Linguistics. language change. BASIC CONCEPTS. articulatory simplification. analogy. contact. reanalysis. language change. syncope. phonetic sound change. phonological sound change. apocope. comparative method. shifts. affrication. nasalization. palatalization.

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Historical Linguistics

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  1. Historical Linguistics language change

  2. BASIC CONCEPTS articulatory simplification analogy contact reanalysis language change syncope phonetic sound change phonological sound change apocope comparative method shifts affrication nasalization palatalization pragmatics mergers splits sequential borrowing sound change

  3. Causes of Language Change • Articulatory simplification • Spelling pronunciation • Analogy and reanalysis • Language contact

  4. Sound change • Conditioned • Unconditioned • Phonetic • Phonemic

  5. Sound Change • Assimilation • Partial and Total • Palatalization, Affrication, Nasalization, Umlaut • Dissimilation • Epenthesis • Metathesis • Weakening and deletion • Consonantal strengthening • Deaffrication

  6. Specify the sound change/s. Proto-Quechan • cumpi • timpu • nutku • akla • wakli • utka • kunka • lyantu • mutki • pukyu • inti • sanku • hampatu Tena • cumbi • timbu • nuktu • agla • wagli • ukta • kunga • lyandu • mukti • pugyu • indi • sangu • hambatu Gloss • belt • boil • brains • choose • damage • fast • neck • shade • smell • spring • sun • thick • toad

  7. Identify the sound changes.

  8. Morphological change • Addition/Loss of affixes, analogy, reanalysis • Syntactic change • Word order • Lexical and semantic change • Semantic broadening • Semantic narrowing • Amelioration • Pejoration • Weakening of meaning • Semantic shift

  9. Word moody uncouth aunt butcher witch sly accident argue Earlier meaning brave unknown father’s sister one who slaughters goats male of female sorcerer skillful an event make clear Exercises

  10. Word • carry • grumble • shrewd • praise • ordeal • picture • seduce Earlier meaning • transport by cart • murmur, make low sounds • depraved, wicked • set a value on • trial by torture • a painted likeness • persuade someone to desert his or her duty

  11. Comparative Method Procedure • Compile cognate sets, eliminating borrowings. • Determine sound correspondences. • Reconstruct a sound for each position. • Check for regularity of sound change.

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