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C h e m i c a l B o n d i n g

C h e m i c a l B o n d i n g. V a l e n c e E l e c t r o n s. E l e c t r o n s i n t h e o u t e r e n e r g y l e v e l a r e c a l l e d v a l e n c e e l e c t r o n s .

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C h e m i c a l B o n d i n g

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  1. C h e m i c a l B o n d i n g

  2. V a l e n c e E l e c t r o n s • E l e c t r o n s i n t h e o u t e r e n e r g y l e v e l a r e c a l l e d v a l e n c e e l e c t r o n s . • I t i s t h e s e e l e c t r o n s t h a t d e t e r m i n e t h e f o r m a t i o n o f c h e m i c a l b o n d s .

  3. V a l e n c e E l e c t r o n s • C e r t a i n n u m b e r s o f v a l a n c e e l e c t r o n s a r e m o r e s t a b l e t h a n o t h e r s . • A t o m s w i l l g a i n o r l o s e e l e c t r o n s t o b e c o m e m o r e s t a b l e .

  4. C h e m i c a l B o n d T y p e s • I o n i c • C o v a l e n t • M e t a l l i c

  5. I o n i c B o n d E l e c t r o n s a r e t r a n s f e r r e d f r o m o n e a t o m t o a n o t h e r .

  6. E l e c t r o n T r a n s f e r L i t h i u m Neon

  7. I o n i c B o n d • W h e n t h i s h a p p e n s , t h e c h a r g e s w i t h i n e a c h a t o m a r e n o l o n g e r b a l a n c e d . • T h e a t o m s h a v e b e c o m e i o n s - o n e w i t h a p o s i t i v e c h a r g e , t h e o t h e r w i t h a n e g a t i v e c h a r g e .

  8. C o v a l e n t B o n d E l e c t r o n s a r e s h a r e d b e t w e e n a t o m s .

  9. C o v a l e n t B o n d • T h e n u c l e u s o f b o t h a t o m s h a s a n e q u a l a t t r a c t i o n f o r t h e e l e c t r o n s . • T h e s h a r e d e l e c t r o n s s p e n d m o s t o f t h e i r t i m e b e t w e e n t h e t w o a t o m s .

  10. Polar covalent B o n d Atoms share the electron unequally, There is a slight difference in charge between the two poles of the bond; water is an example.

  11. Hydrogen Bonding In a hydrogen bond, an atom or a molecule interacts weakly with a hydrogen atom already taking part in a polar covalent bond.

  12. I o n i z a t i o n E n e r g y • T h e e n e r g y n e e d e d t o r e m o v e a n e l e c t r o n f r o m a n a t o m . • T h e a t t r a c t i o n b e t w e e n t h e n e g a t i v e l y c h a r g e d e l e c t r o n a n d t h e p o s i t i v e l y c h a r g e d n u c l e u s m u s t b e o v e r c o m e .

  13. E l e c t r o n A f f i n i t y • T h e t e n d e n c y o f a n a t o m t o a t t r a c t e l e c t r o n s . • M e t a l s h a v e a l o w e l e c t r o n a f f i n i t y . • N o n m e t a l s h a v e a h i g h e l e c t r o n a f f i n i t y .

  14. D i a t o m i c M o l e c u l e s C o v a l e n t b o n d i n g o c c u r s b e t w e e n a t o m s o f t h e s a m e e l e m e n t .

  15. D i a t o m i c M o l e c u l e s 7 H y d r o g e n N i t r o g e n O x y g e n F l o r i n e C h l o r i n e B r o m i n e I o d i n e

  16. P o l y a t o m i c I o n s • A g r o u p o f c o v a l e n t l y b o n d e d a t o m s a c t i n g l i k e a s i n g l e a t o m w h e n f o r m i n g c o m p o u n d s . • T h i s g r o u p o f a t o m s i s n o t e l e c t r i c a l l y b a l a n c e d a n d h a s a n o v e r a l l c h a r g e .

  17. P r e d i c t i n g B o n d T y p e s • W i l l t h e s e p a i r s f o r m i o n i c o r c o v a l e n t b o n d s ? • s o d i u m & c h l o r i n e • c a l c i u m & o x y g e n • c a r b o n & o x y g e n • a l u m i n u m & s u l f u r

  18. C h e m i c a l B o n d i n g E n d

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