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The Social cooperation in Italy and the CGM consortium experience

The Social cooperation in Italy and the CGM consortium experience. Italian social cooperatives The origin.

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The Social cooperation in Italy and the CGM consortium experience

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  1. The Social cooperation in Italy and the CGM consortium experience

  2. Italian social cooperatives The origin Social cooperatives were born in Italy during the 70s. They have been recognised by the Italian legislation on November 8th, 1991, through the Law 381/91.Social cooperatives have as their purpose “to pursue the general interest of the community in promoting human concerns and in the social integration of citizens”

  3. Law 381/91 Art.1 public private nature Primary and secondary objects are reversed if compared to ordinary enterprises: Primary object Secondary object Satisfaction of all its social interlocutors Accomplishment of the general interest of society Respect for the “economic” and “efficient placement” criteria for all the available resources

  4. Law no. 381/91 Art.1- Typologies Type B Type A Cooperatives of SOCIO-HEALTH and EDUCATIONAL SERVICES “Users”: handicapped, elderly, minors, mental disabled persons, social excluded, drug addict people, children.. WORK INTEGRATION Cooperatives mainly supporting adult people EXCLUDED FROM SOCIETY; DISADVANTAGED PERSONS (drug addict, offenders, handicapped people, …)

  5. A Type B Type Operators/ employees/ members Everybody (coherently with the carried out activities). 30% of disadvantaged people Market Fields: Socio-health Educational Any Law 381/91 Art.1 - Typologies

  6. Law 381/91 Art.1 It's social for the way in which productive activity is carried on It's social because it carries out activities of social interest Social Cooperative a b

  7. Law 381/91- Members We have 3 categories of members: 1. WORKER MEMBERS economic compensation. (Ordinary working members, paid members, disadvantaged working members). 2. VOLUNTEER MEMBERS. 3. USER MEMBERS (users of services/activities of social cooperatives + their families) + FUNDING MEMBERS (Law 52/92, art.4) (whoever grants capital (without limits) to the cooperative, but not directly involved in the cooperative activities; natural and legal persons.)

  8. Social Cooperatives Users Workers Work placements Volunteers Income Social cooperation in Italy 13.938 4.994.398 317.339 34.500 8,97 billion This phenomenon is widespread in the whole country, although not in a homogeneous way. Source: ISTAT data 2005

  9. Social cooperation in Italy • A-type cooperatives: 59% • B-type cooperatives: 32,8 % • Mixed cooperatives: 4,3 • Consortia: 3,9% • B-type cooperatives and consortia are more spread in the Northern regions; • In the Southern part we mainly find A-type cooperatives; • In Central regions instead, we find many mixed cooperatives. Source: ISTAT –data 2005

  10. Social cooperation in Italy • 353.172 persons operate in social cooperatives divided as follows: • 317.939 paid human resources • 34.500 volunteers • 733 ecclesiastic people • Compared to 2003, people employed in cooperatives increased by 34,31%. • Women represent 71,2% of the total amount of people working in social cooperatives (74% employees, 52,5% volunteers). Source: ISTAT – data 2005

  11. Social cooperation in Italy A-type cooperatives divided into fields of activity • 59,1% of A-type cooperatives operate in the field of social care, followed by the education and research field (21%), culture, sport and entertainment fields (10,7%) and health (9%). • Also in this case, we find important differences in the A-type sectorial specialisation of social cooperatives across the country. Source: ISTAT – data 2005

  12. Social cooperation in Italy Work placements in B-type cooperatives • Disadvantaged people in B-type cooperatives are 35.141 • The percentage of disadvantaged workers is 55,5% of the total workforce (much higher than the minimum of 30% required by law). • The average number of disadvantaged people for each cooperative is 12. • The most numerous categories are handicapped people (46,3%) and drug addict people (16%). Source: ISTAT – data 2005

  13. The social cooperation in Italy The development of the social cooperation • New needs not satisfied • Increasing demand of greater quality of life • Transformation of the social and familiar roles • Transformation of the welfare systems • Local dimension of welfare • Contracting out of the services • Local programming (law 328/00) • Evolution of the third sector • Greater economic and social importance • From protection’s forms to services’ production • From the voluntary service to the social enterprise

  14. The social cooperation in Italy Social cooperative models The size …based on the size of the incomes, we identify cooperatives with small, medium and large sizes … Location … distinguishing them between cooperatives located in the northeast, northwest and in the south… Various organizational and ownership schemes determined by… The presence of volunteers …distinguishing between cooperatives that are lacking and cooperatives with a meaningful presence… The membership …based on the presence of one or more stakeholders (single or multi stakeholder)…

  15. Social cooperation in Italy Consortia The main purpose of social consortia is to offer services aimed at sustaining the expertise and management activities of member cooperatives: • management of human resources • account assistance and finance consulting • management of administrative documents • training • information • projects planning • assistance in taking part to public tenders • support in elaborating political strategies • taking part to public tenders on behalf of member cooperatives (general contractors). Among the most offered services are those concerning the assistance in taking part to public tenders(74,6% of consortia), projects planning and coordination (72,5%) organising the exchange of information and experiences between cooperatives (70,8%), promoting cooperatives’ image and the promotion of new services (67,6%). Source: ISTAT – dara 2005

  16. The new law on social enterprise (L.D.155/2006) Definition of social enterprise: any kind of private organisation (e.g. associations, foundations, co-operatives, non-cooperative companies) which permanently and principally operates an economic activity aimed at the production and distribution of social benefit goods and services while pursuing general interest goals. • SE may not limit their goods or services to members only. • Social benefit goods and services qualified on the basis of economic and social sectors (social assistance, healthcare, education, environment, cultural sector, social tourism, university education, research and cultural services, instrumental services for SEs), or the specific scope of the enterprise, namely the working integration purpose of the organisation (minimum 30% disadvantaged workers) • Non-distribution constraint (also for companies), except for: “capped” remuneration of financial instruments in favour of nonmembers (today 5%).

  17. The new law on social enterprise (L.D.155/2006) (In associations companies) majority of directors shall be appointed by members (non-members may appoint the remaining part) SE may not be “controlled” by for profit entities and/or by public entities (independency requirement) Required: beneficiaries’ and workers’ involvement (information, consultation, participation, influence on specifically relevant decisions) Limited liability if assets amount to a certain value Accounting and reporting rules (derived by company law) Social balance sheets requirement Internal or external auditors (if applicable on the basis of legal requirements mainly concerning the size of the firm)

  18. The Cgm consortium The consortium structure The cooperatives aregenerally joined in local consortia on territorial basis (provincial or metropolitan ) cooperative cooperative cooperative Local consortium Local consortium Local consortium The local consortia can be member of the national consortium CGM

  19. The Cgm consortium The numbers of Cgm CGM is the biggest network enterprise of the Italian social cooperation It associates 78 territorial consortium networks (provincial or metropolitan) which at their turn associate 1.150 social cooperatives diffused on all the national territory, for a total of 35.000 workers, 5.500 volunteers and an aggregated turnover of 1,1 billion euros. It associates also 4 funding members.

  20. The Cgm consortium Its mission and values Our mission Cgm supports the development of social cooperatives. It helps third sector organisations to become social enterprises close to the citizens in every phase of their life-cycle. Our values The centrality of the person. Ethics of the action. The economic pluralism and the democracy. The entrepreneurship. The active citizenship.

  21. The Cgm consortium Main areas of action • Disabilities • Childhood and adolescence • Labour inclusion of disadvantaged persons • Migration, international cooperation • Active labour policies • Mental health • Social tourism

  22. The Cgm consortium To bring about its own projects… • ...and in conformity with its own statute, Cgm carries out: • Editorial activitiy • Studies and researchs • Training • Technical-managerial and organizational advice • Moreover it: • coordinates relationships between social cooperatives’ sector and public actors (mainly Government and Ministries) • promotes and encourages new initiatives for social cooperatives.

  23. The Cgm cooperative group In 2005 Cgm has decided to create trademark companies for its consolidated activities in order to increase the know-how accuminated by Cgm during the last decade. These companies manage specialized and consolidated activities according to a strong entrepreneurial logic. They are: ACCORDI (AGREEMENTS): for labour inclusion, particularly in the environmental area CGM FINANCE (FINANCE CGM): intergroup financial company COMUNITA’ SOLIDALI (SUPPORTIVE COMMUNITIES): care (elderly, disabilities, mental health) LUOGHI PER CRESCERE (SPACES TO GROW): education (childhood, minors, education) MESTIERI (EMPLOYMENT): labour mediation, guidance and training SOLIDARETE: internationalisation of social enterprise CONNECTING PEOPLE: migration WELFARE ITALIA: welfare and services for families

  24. What is social business for the European Commision

  25. CONFCOOPERATIVE FEDERSOLIDARIETA’ Milano Via Marco Aurelio, 8 tel. +39 02 36579650 Rome Palazzo della Cooperazione Via Torino, 146 Representation Bruxelles Square de Meeus 18 www.cgm.coop Pierluca.ghibelli@consorziocgm.it

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