Mass Society and Democracy

1. Mass Society and Democracy Chapter 20

2. New Products and Patterns • Electricity powered subways and streetcars • Also allowed factories to remain open for 24 hours a day • Internal Combustion Engine gave a new source of power in transportation • Ocean Liners, airplane, automobiles • Assembly Line allowed a more efficient mass production of goods

3. The Working Class • Karl Marx – blamed industrial capitalism for the horrible working conditions • Oppressors – owned means of production • Oppressed – owned nothing and depended on the owners • Believed the two classes would clash in a revolution in which the oppressed would win and establish a dictatorship • Final Revolution would create a classless society

4. Improvements in Public Health and Sanitation • Cities grew faster in the second half of the nineteenth century • City governments created boards of health to improve housing quality • Medical Officers, Building Inspectors, Clean water, Gas heaters

5. Women’s Rights • Feminist – advocated for women’s rights • Florence Nightingale – nurse during the Crimean War • Suffrage – Right to vote • Emmeline Pankhurst • Pelt government officials with eggs, chained themselves to lampposts, smashed windows to department stores • Took until World War I for governments in Europe to allow women rights

6. The Culture of Modernity Pablo Picasso Vincent van Gogh Claude Monet

7. Uncertainty Grows • Marie Curie – French Scientist • Discovered that an element called radium gave off radiation that came from the atom itself • Albert Einstein – German Scientist • Matter is just another form of energy • Sigmund Freud - Doctor from Vienna • Psychoanalysis – therapist and patient could look deeply in the patient’s memory • Social Darwinism • Survival of the Fittest in relation to society