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STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS

STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS. THE AWARENESS OF SELF AND ENVIRONMENT. STUDYING THE BRAIN. John Watson (1913) encouraged his colleagues to study behavior of humans, NOT inner thoughts, feelings, & emotions (introspection)

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STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS

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  1. STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS THE AWARENESS OF SELF AND ENVIRONMENT

  2. STUDYING THE BRAIN • John Watson (1913) encouraged his colleagues to study behavior of humans, NOT inner thoughts, feelings, & emotions (introspection) • advances in neuroscience & technology allowed study of consciousness to re-emerge in 2nd half of 20th Century  cognitive neuroscience

  3. CONSCIOUS PROCESSING • CONSCIOUS AWARENESS  ability to voluntarily control our behavior & communicate our mental states to others • Most processing of our environment occurs unconsciously or subconsciously parallel processing - interaction of various stimuli & our making sense of info.

  4. LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS • Conscious • Preconscious • Subconscious • Unconscious • Nonconscious • slow & sequential – novel tasks require a great deal of it • info that’s easily conscious but not always available b/c not important • non-attended stimulation; gets registered without knowing it • huge mental storehouse; terrible urges & threatening memories are kept out • no need to think (breathe, heartbeat)

  5. WHY IS DAYDREAMING GOOD? • not as dramatic or escapist as some believe  it’s healthy, you’re supposed to! • imagining or rehearsing upcoming or previous actions allows us to think about what we need to do - substitute for impulsivity

  6. BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS • CIRCADIAN RHYTHM: bodily patterns that repeat every 24 hrs. • Sleep/wake habits • Eating • Digestive movements • Can be interrupted (e.g. jet lag)

  7. PURPOSE OF SLEEP • 1. preservation & protection– animals, hunter-gatherers • 2. restoration – restore depleted resources & dissipate accumulated waste, repair tissues, consolidate memories • 3. growth process– pituitary gland releases growth hormone (older  less sleep)

  8. STAGES OF SLEEP 90-100 minutes cycle • Stage 1: transitional – easily woken, some hallucinations • Stage 2: periodic appearance of spindles (bursts of rapid rhythmic brain activity), clearly asleep, spend MOST TIME asleep in this stage; sleeptalk • Stage 3: 20-50% delta waves; 3+4 = Slow Wave Sleep • Stage 4: 50% + delta waves, difficult to wake, sleep walking, night tremors, bedwetting, (older  stage 4 diminishes)

  9. REM • REM (Rapid Eye Movement)  eyes move, vivid dreams occur (emotional & story-like too) • heart rate rises, breathing rapid & irregular, genital arousal, brainstem blocks messages of motor cortex • muscle relaxation, not easily wakened • Paradoxical Sleep – internally aroused, externally calm

  10. ORDER OF SLEEP CYCLE • Round 1: stage 1, stage 2, stage 3, stage 4, stage 3, stage 2, REM, stage 1 • Remainder of sleep time: stage 1, REM, stage 2, REM, stage 3, REM, stage 4, REM, stage 3, REM…etc. • Stages 1, 2, 3, 4 are known as N-REM or non-REM

  11. SLEEP DEPRIVATION • Is a biological need, but won’t kill you directly • Other associated problems can be lethal: • Fatigue • Weakened immune system • Mood swings • Hormonal fluctuations • Obesity • Memory impairment • Hallucinations

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