Reading Assignment:

1. 2008 Reading Assignment: Chapter 14 Hagfishes and Lampreys end

2. Summary: 1.Rover predators 2. Lie-in-wait predators 3.Surface oriented fishes 4. Bottom fishes 5. Deep Bodied fishes 6. Eel-like fishes end

3. 3. Surface-Oriented fishes • Often small • Upward tending mouth (superior or superterminal) • Dorsoventrally flattened head • Adapted to surfacelife Poeciliidae-live bearers guppies mollies mosquitofish Gambusia end

4. Four-eyed fish end

5. Cyprinodontidae-pupfish, killifish banded killifish end

6. Other surface oriented fishes • betas • archerfish Gambusia end

7. end

8. 4. Bottom fishes (benthic) • Swimbladder reduced or absent • flattened dorsoventrally (depressed) Atlantic halibut end

9. Bottom fishes continued • Specialized structures: sensory structures barbels, fin rays modified fins (darters, clingfishes) barbels end

10. sea robin sea robin end

11. Pleuronectiformes-flatfishes • flounders • soles • tonguefish end

12. hog choker end

13. Acipenseridae--sturgeons lake sturgeon end

14. Skates & rays end

16. maneuverability lookdown butterfly fish French angelfish 5. Deep-bodied fishes Laterally flattened (compressed) • Dorsal and anal fins long • Pectoral fins high on body • Pelvic fins thoracic • Mouth protrusible • Fin spines end

17. Centrarchidae-crappies & sunfishes bluegill end

18. end

19. 6. Eel-like fishes--elongated bodies • Paired fins reduced or absent • Dorsal and anal fins long • Scales small or absent • Flexible bodies • Adapted for small crevices end

20. American eel snake eel slime eel end

21. moray eel end

22. end

23. Evolution of Gnathostomes end

24. mya Periods Ceph. Era Myxini Chondrichthyes Actinoptergii rays 2 Teleostei Tertiary skates 144 gar bowfin 65 Jurassic Mesozoic Holocephali coelacanth 213 lungfish placoderm Triassic Acanthodii Elasmobranchii Chondrostei ? 286 placoderms 248 Carboniferous placoderm 360 amphibians placoderm Devonian Paleozoic ostracoderms 408 Silurian 438 Ordovician 505 origin 590 Cambrian ostracoderm Quaternary sharks Cenozoic Cretaceous Permian placoderm Sarcopterygii end

25. end

26. Myxini--hagfishes • Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless • Notochord • No appendicular skeleton end

27. Cephalaspidomorphi-lampreys • Skull--cartilaginous trough; jawless • cartilaginous vertebrae, no centra • No appendicular skeleton end

28. Placodermi-placoderms first jaws • Skull--first jawed fishes; bony tooth plates end

29. Chondrichthyes-sharks, skates, rays, ratfishes • Skull--cartilaginous; jaws protrusible, first true teeth • cartilaginous vertebrate with centra • Pelvic and pectoral fins well developed end

30. Osteichthyes-bony fishes • Skull--cartilaginous or bony; jaws with teeth; jaws variable • cartilaginous or bony vertebral column with centra • pelvic and pectoral fins well developed puffer end

31. cranium gut gill slits Evolution of the jaw mouth visceral cartilages 8-9 arches Primitive jawless stage end

32. mandibular arch jaw hypothetical placoderm end

33. hyoid arch spiracle chondirchthyian end

34. 4. branchiohyoid apparatus 1. neurocranium 5. opercular bones 2. jaw 3. suspensorium Osteichthyian skull --5 elements end

35. END

36. Print next slide for student note-taking Do not show this slide or next

37. mya Era Periods 65 248 ? 590

38. Ardoch Hwy 18 I29 Hwy 1 to Johnstown Hwy 81 Manvel I29 Forest River UND Biol. Area farm house stop here tree line 0.5 mi Turn right on gravel road just past tree line, go north for 0.5 mi, turn right on two-track road just before Farm house, pass ravine on left and turn left following Ravine on the left, stop by chain link fence compound. 3 mi Inkster Grand Forks Hwy 18