Unit 5

1. Unit 5 Development

2. 评分总论 • well-developed, using clear explanations, exemplification and details. • explanations即解释，对topic sentence进行解释。 • Exemplification即例证。无论是explanations还是exemplification都要有具体的details细节。

3. Lack of development • Firstly, people could get different experience from the different jobs. As far as I know, the first and the most important question in the interview of job hunting is that:Do u have any experience before? Therefore,the experience is become more and more important.

4. display unity, progression and coherence. • unity整体性，即段落中的每个sentence都要支持topic sentence； • progression，从抽象（topic sentence）到具体（exemplification）； • coherence连贯，符合正常的因果关系，没有因果链条的缺失。

5. No specific example • The theme of bad people can get forgiveness should also be on the screen. For many teenagers, they would like to see something exciting instead of something boring. The same theme might bore them but the theme that shows bad people can get forgiveness is not only interesting but also educational.(real TS) The movies can teach the teenagers that it is not the only way to deal bad people with publishing, there is another way like educating them to transform them from bad people to good people. So the movies should be changeable (another new point..).

6. 方法综述 • cause and effect（因果阐述） • contrast（对比论证） • exemplification （例证）

7. 因果展开（1）常用的衔接词 • it is because • the reason is that • the reasons are twofold. • As a result, therefore • What happens is that • In the long term, eventually • It is even possible that…

8. 因果展开（2）例子分析 Firstly, early independence causes many young adults to fail. This should not be surprising since often they are actually not mentally ready although they are physically ready. It is widely understood that to live independently requires a lot of energy and is not easy at all. In this twenty first century, people may need more and more preparation because competition is increasing rapidly.

9. 对比展开（1）综述 • 不同事物比较（A和B比）；同一事物比较（有A和无A比/或称“拟无”-p 16） • 衔接词：in contrast, otherwise, if not

10. 完全不同的两个事物－－watching tv vs. reading books • 一个事物的两个方面——high salary job/low salary job • 今昔对比—— past /today

11. 例子分析 • First, with the advancement of technology, people today have more entertainment options. In the old days when my grandparents were little, they didn’t have much for amusement. They just had several small black-white televisions in the whole village, so dozens of people had to sit in front of 12-inch screen to watch a program. In contrast, many ways for recreation are available to us nowadays. We go to movie theaters for newly released films, enjoying a screen much larger than the true size of people and objects. 3-dimensional movies even offer people a real sense of characters and motions. With friends, we can kill time by singing Karaoke, going to playgrounds, and playing video games. Hence, today’s life is more enjoyable than the life in the past.

12. 例证综述 • 按例证数量来分，分为一例和多例。 • 按例证内容来分，分为一般性例证（general example）、个人经历(personal experiences)、假设情况(scenarios)、名人事例(famous people)、调查和研究（survey & study）、权威引言

13. 例证（2）一般性例证 Children tend to consume junk food while watching television. For instance, when they watch television, fried chips and coca-cola are their favorites.

14. 例证（3）个人生活经历 First, working experiences help students gain various essential skills, e.g. communication skills, organizing skills and leadership. One of my personal experiences is an example. In the senior year in high school, I took a part time job as a waiter at a McDonald’s. In one instance, a customer came to me and asked for Chinese spring scroll which we do not sell. I told him very politely that we did not sell the food and maybe he could try some other Chinese restaurants. But the man was rude and persistent. Finally I showed him in person where he could buy the food and the man left satisfied. By this instance, I learned that the key of successful communication is to always respond to others in a positive and polite way.

15. 例证（4）假设情况 • In many life situations, complaining in person is the superior choice. Let’s consider the following hypothetical situation. A person buys a defective product and s/he wants to return it. Suppose s/he writes a letter to the dealer/manufacturer to do so. It’ll take days or even weeks before the letter reaches the responsible party. And even after receiving the letter, the responsible party might dismiss it out of the hand or bury it under bureaucratic procedures. In contrast, if s/he goes directly to the dealer or producer, his/her problem will get the proper attention immediately.

16. 例证（6）名人例子 Consider business and industry areas. Creativity and cautious planning unite for success. To solve the problem that only wealthy people can afford automobiles and make it for the great mass of population, Henry Ford invented Model T car and the first assembly line in the world. This revolutionary invention and production cannot be achieved if Ford did not have a spirit of digging new ideas as well as deliberate planning. The example is also true to the popularity of Apple computers. Steve Jobs, with his dear friend, invented the first personal computer called Apple I. But the success when the sale of Apple II accumulated to millions of dollars cannot only be attributed to the original idea but also professional market planning.

17. 例证（7）权威引言 • Specialists are necessary in order to allow society as a whole to properly and usefully assimilate the masses of new information and knowledge that have come out of research and have been widely disseminated through mass global media. As the head of Pharmacology(药理学) at my university once said (and I paraphrase),"I can only research what I do because there are so many who have come before me to whom I can turn for basic knowledge. It is only because of each of the narrowly focused individuals at each step that a full and true understanding of the complexities of life can be had. Each person can only hold enough knowledge to add one small rung to the ladder, but together we can climb to the moon." This illustrates the point that our societies level of knowledge and technology is at a stage in which there simply must be specialists in order for our society to take advantage of the information available to us. (GRE Analytical Writing)

18. 例证（8）调查和研究 • “According to the survey by America's Research Group and UBS, 16.3 percent of consumers polled said they used credit cards, down from 30.9 percent last year, and the lowest percentage ever seen by the group's chairman, Britt Beemer, who has tracked holiday shopping for more than two decades.”

19. According to the study/survey conducted by (China Daily, Chinese Adolescent Association, Chinese Health and Medical Society……..Academy… ), it is found that …….. 76% of teenagers tend to have aggressive behaviors after watching violent TV programs.

20. “Single-gender classes in public schools have had a positive effect on students' performance, attitude and ambitions, according to a survey released Tuesday by the South Carolina Department of Education. Two-thirds of about 7,000 students in South Carolina's single-gender programs who responded to the annual survey said the classes have improved their academic performance and classroom attitude, 79 percent reported increases in their classroom effort, and 83 percent said they were more likely to finish high school.”

21. 段落扩展 Topic sentence --先表明观点 Concluding sentence--总结

22. Reasoning：a. 解释说明主题句 b. 对主题句做延伸 c. 对主题句做推理

23. Exemplifying：1）方法： a. 多个例子罗列 b. 具体事例扩展

24. Exemplifying 2）内容 人做例子 a.假设例子 If a person choose a high salary job, …..P 20 b.个人例子 Take me as an example, ….P 20 c. 名人例子 Thomas Edison is an excellent example for….P 18

25. 物品做例子 Junk food—Coca cola, McDonald’s Concert halls & Art museums-- Sydney Opera House Louvre Palace

26. 研究调查做例子 A recent survey released by Kaiser Family Foundation implies that on average, children under the age of six spend about two hours a day with screen media which expose themselves to the vast impact of advertisements.

27. 电影电视剧做例子--P 19 As is granted, watching films that teach something useful in real are worthwhile. People always can learn a profound truth that might change their thoughts and attitude towards life. The best instance for this point is Forrest Gump. Tom Hanks successfully played a son who loves his mother, a husband who is loyal to wife and family, a soldier and brother who ever sacrificed himself in an effort of saving his friends, and a runner who keeps forward without fear. Meanwhile, this movie enlightened millions of people that hope is everywhere, even around them.

28. Details a. 上义词变下义词 Digital devices—digital television, camera—Sony, Canon Cell phones—iPhone, Sharp

29. b. 具体描述 • Universal Studios—cartoon cosplays, 3-dimensonal movies • Big parties need lots of decorations, such as colorful balloons, beautiful flowers and great lighting, which will cost tremendous money

30. For example, an English teacher gives us specific methods about how to memorize the long words and how to deal with long sentence in a reading text. Though she doesn’t tell us humorous stories in class, she still receives great popularity among students. (Teach well 的具体描述）

31. c. 数字 Thirdly, education is accessible to more people than in the past. 60 years ago in China, a large portion of people didn’t have an education higher than a high school, and college students were considered a rare group of elites. After implementing the expansion of university enrollment, more than 40% high school graduates can get a university education comparing to 17% decades ago. In addition, people can get efficient and economical online education, conversing and discussing problems with professors through emails and chatting tools.

32. Practice • Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? • Working at home by using telephone and computer is better than working in company’s office.

33. Working at home, people can save the time spending on the way and avoid traffic jam. People will have better atmosphere when they are at office, while there are often many distractions at home.

34. Intro. Working environment influence people’s working state to a large extent. Some people argue that working at company will exert more competitive atmosphere, thus generating excellent working efficiency. However, I think home office is a preferable choice for the following reasons.

35. Working at office can help people better concentrate on the task they are doing. The office usually has spacious place and bright windows that gives staff a positive environment for working. Besides, the statistics suggest that 65% workers have higher efficiency under the atmosphere of competition. Obviously, home, a place offering us warmth and comfort, can never provide people a suitable condition for writing a 3000-word working report, since the cozy couch often make people fall asleep. Therefore, working state is best achieved when people are in the company’s office.

36. Admittedly, working at companies has some benefits. Co-workers can communicate more directly, which can strengthen their relationship. However, home office, through the teleconferencing or video chat, can achieve the same effect.

37. 篇章扩展 Introduction

38. BODY扩展-让步论证

39. 绝对有利论证

40. 折中论证

41. 结尾 简洁明了

42. 观点选择321 3个标准 • 紧密切题 —不要有关主题的就无限展开 • 递进排序 —最重要到最次要；最次要到最重要 平行观点要放在一起 • 符合逻辑 —要符合常识，不要过分标新立异

43. 2个关心 • 易不易展开 观点容易推理，有话可说 • 好不好例证 观点是自己熟悉的，能找出例子的

44. 1个警惕 • 要论证你的SUB POINT 如何带来好处，而不是这个好处的重要性 E.G. A job with more vacations can give people more quality time spent with their family. 不要说family 的重要性 ，因为大家都知道； 要推理举例更多的假期如何让我们和家人多享受快乐时光。

45. Well-expressed 句式多变 • 一个句子不要超过2个clauses • 短句也很POWERFUL • 长短句结合，变换句式， 变化说法 词语多样 • 用正式而生动的词语,多用实义动词 • 不要用生僻的GRE词汇或者不合用法的大词 • 变换关键词，变换论证词，变换逻辑词

46. Well-expressed 段落结尾句要区分主旨句 • 通过变换词语来总结前文 • 通过变化说法来深化主题