Islam and the Crusades

1. Islam and the Crusades CHAPTER 12 P 157

2. The Crusades • Also known as the Holy Wars • Brought new ideas and new interests to Europeans • People began to recognize that kings had too much power • Their rights were being denied

3. Christian Pilgrims • During Middle Ages, Christian religion was the strongest force in Europe • Made pilgrimages to show their faith • Traveled to holy shrines – holy city of Jerusalem • Went to see the place where Jesus had lived and taught www.themegallery.com

4. Muhammad and the Birth of Islam www.themegallery.com

5. Another group called Jerusalem their holy city too • Muslims, followers of a religion born in the desert land of Arabia • Believed in many gods, lived on the edges of the desert, dressed in silk and wore bright jewelry • Not a peaceful land www.themegallery.com

6. Muhammad is Born • 570 AD in Mecca • Was 40 when he had a vision • Believed he saw an angel on a hillside outside of Mecca • Angel said he as a prophet of God • Like Jesus, he became a teacher • Tried to teach people that Allah was one true god

7. Promised that Allah would reward people for good deeds with a wonderful life after death • Poor people listened, slaves listened, people whose lives were hard/sad listened • Powerful leaders began to worry • Began to persecute Muhammad and his followers, forced to flee the city

8. Islam • 630 AD Muhammad returns to Mecca with his followers and took back the city • Religion of Muslim is called Islam • Promised that any followers who died battling for Allah would go to paradise www.themegallery.com

9. Spread of Islam www.themegallery.com

10. Greatest Series of Conquest • Arab armies conquered many parts of North Africa and Central Asia and the Holy Land (Palestine) • Some conquered people welcomed new religion, but everyone was given no choice • Become Muslim or die • Only Jews and Christians allowed to keep their religion – Muslims respected those who believed in 1 God

11. Arabs brought their culture and religion to new lands • Built fine cities, new schools, and places to worship (mosque) • Their language and writing became part of the world culture • Today Islams is one of the world’s greatest religions

12. Check for Understanding • Where was Muhammad born? • How does Allah reward good deeds? • Why did the Muslims respect Christians and Jews? • Complete Map Study on p 161 • Complete Timeline Study on p162 – After Muhammad died, what did the Muslims do?

13. Soldiers of Christ P 164

14. Crusades Begin – Christians vs. Muslims • Christians traveled to Jerusalem, which was under Arab Muslim control • Muslims allowed this since they respected their religion • 1071 Turks take control of Jerusalem – not as friendly to Christians – would not allow them into the city or to worship the holy shrines • Pope said it was the Christians’ duty to free the holy land

15. Holy Wars – 1096 - 1291 • Lasted for 200 years • Started when Christian armies traveled to the Holy Land • many marched for religious feelings • some looking for adventure • soldiers wanted military glory • merchants wanted new markets for their goods • Criminals wanted a safe place to hide

16. Results of the Crusades • Christians did not get control of the Holy Land from Muslims • But, the pope and European kings did end up with more power • Many people died bloody deaths fighting for the Holy Land • Caused much suffering and misery • Costly • However, increased trade and brought new ideas/culture

17. Changes Brought from Crusades • 1291 Christians lost all lands to the Middle East – created a new Europe • New foods – lemons, rice, apricots, melons • New spices – ginger, pepper, cloves, cinnamon • New clothes – brightly dyed silks • New trading – made Europe’s economy stronger • Fresh ideas – new interest in travel and exploration (learned to make better ideas) more interests in warfare (new weapons and battle skills)

18. Check Your Understanding • Give 4 reasons people joined the Crusades. • How did the Crusades change Europe? • Map Study p 165

19. Changes in Farming • More iron available, farm tools improved • Plowshare – most changed farming in Middle Ages • Meant more land could be farmed and more food could be grown, had a surplus of food • Farmers discovered horses were better than oxen – could work longer without rest, move faster

20. Farmers invented new kind of harness for horses – breathe easier and pull heavier weights • Now maintained 3 fields – planted one in spring, autumn, and the 3rd lay fallow (not used for a season)

21. Population Grows • People began to migrate, changes in farming caused people to move • Villages grew into towns because of trade • Towns then became surrounded by stone walls – small and crowded, danger of fire and disease • As towns grew, workers, merchants, and craftworkers became more specialized • Now people paid money for goods – leather shoes, pottery bowls, and tasty cakes

22. Feudal System Weakens • Towns became stronger, merchants became richer • Serfs could hide within towns • Towns wanted to govern themselves – be free of the manors • Towns offered opportunity – could learn a trade or craft

23. Magna Carta • There was little concern for human rights during Middle Ages • 1213 group of men met in England, drew up a list of rights they wanted King John to grant them • King John refused to sign at first, noble sent an army after him • 1215, King John signed Magna Carta – trial by jury of equals, taxes collected w/o force, punishment should fit the crime

24. Check for Understanding • What was life like in a medieval town? • Name 3 new developments in farming? • Why was the Magna Carta important – what did it grant? • Map Study p 176