Psychological Disorders: Part 2

1. Psychological Disorders: Part 2 Music: “Paranoid Freak” The Trews “Crazy” Gnarles Barkley

2. Today’s Agenda • 1. Schizophrenic Disorders • a) Symptoms • b) Movie: “The New State Asylums” (online) • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/asylums/ • c) Theories • 2. Personality Disorders • a) Cluster A: • E.g. Paranoid • b) Cluster B: • E.g. Borderline, Antisocial • c) Cluster C: • E.g. Obsessive-Compulsive • 3. Eating Disorders • Guest presentation: Leah Shapira, MA

3. Schizophrenic Disorders • Schizophrenia • “split mind” • Different from Dissociative Identity Disorder • Thought Disorder • 1. a) Symptoms: • 1. Disturbed Thought Content • Delusions: • False beliefs out of touch with reality • Persecutory/ Grandiose • Expression is bizarre (e.g. loose associations/ poverty of speech) • 2. Hallucinations and Disturbed Behaviour • E.g. hearing voices/ speaking to imaginary people • Agitation or catatonic stupor • 3. Disturbed Emotions • E.g. laughing inappropriately/ blunted, flat affect • 4. Deterioration in Functioning • E.g. Neglect of personal hygiene, social withdrawal

4. 1. b) Prisons: The New State Asylums • Frontline Show Available Online • Note: 2 multiple choice questions extracted from segment shown in class will be on the final) • http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/asylums/

5. 1. c) Theories of Schizophrenia • Genetic Contribution: (p. 601)

6. 1. c) Theories of Schizophrenia • Genetic Contribution: (p. 601) • But what is inherited? • Excess dopamine: • Evidence: • Drugs that increase dopamine produce symptoms similar to schizophrenia • Anti-psychotic drugs that decrease dopamine activity lessen schizophrenic symptoms • Epigenetics: • Study of chemical changes to a gene that influence its expression • (without altering DNA sequence) • 1/200 genes of psychotic patients show epigenetic differences • For genes involved in neurotransmission & brain development • CAMH research

7. 14.18, p. 602

8. Integrated Model of Schizophrenia (p. 613)

9. 2. Personality Disorders • DSM-IV Definition: • Inflexible, enduring patterns of behavior that create impairment in functioning (especially conflict with others) and/or subjective distress • May involve up to 15% of population • Cluster A: Odd-Eccentric • Distrustful, socially aloof, unable to connect with others • schizoid, schizotypal, paranoid • Cluster B: Dramatic/Impulsive • Self-centered, (overdramatic), low impulse control • histrionic, narcissistic, anti-social, borderline • Cluster C: Anxious/Fearful • Maladaptive efforts to control anxiety • dependent, obsessive-compulsive, avoidant

10. 2. Personality Disorders: • A) Cluster A: • Paranoid: (4%) • Suspicious of everyone • Guarded, cold, defensive • Impairment in interpersonal relationships prone to jealousy/argumentative/misinterprets benign cues

11. 2. Personality disorders (cont’d) • 2. b) Cluster B • Borderline: (2%) • 20% of psychiatric patients/ more likely to seek help • Instability in mood (e.g. intense anger) • Identity disturbance (e.g. feelings of emptiness) • Physically self-damaging acts (slashing wrists) • Inability to be alone • Intense and volatile relationships

12. 2. Personality Disorders (cont’d) • Antisocial: (3%) • Antisocial behaviors; violate the rights of others without shame or regret • Higher incidence rate in forensic settings & substance abuse programs • Superficial charm but deceitful, using lies to con others • Lack of anxiety and no sense of personal responsibility • Onset before age 15 • Most promising cause: • Biological predisposition (limbic and frontal lobe abnormalities) • Combined with neglect and abuse

13. 2. Personality Disorders (cont’d) • 2. c) Cluster C • Obsessive-compulsive: (8%) • Preoccupied with rules, details, organization • Perfectionism that interferes with task completion • Inflexible about matters of morality, ethics • Excessive mental and interpersonal control

14. 3. Eating Disorders Presented by Leah Shapira, MA Take it away Leah!