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1. Title Page Human Respiratory System Diagram Nasal Passage Pharynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchiole Alveoli The Respiratory system moves oxygen from the outside environment into the body. It also removes carbon dioxide and water from the body.

2. What is Respiration? • Respiration is the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells. These chemical reactions release energy that fuels growth and other cell processes.

3. The Path of Air • As air travels from the outside environment to the lungs, it passes through the following organs: nose, mouth, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi. ( It takes air only a few seconds to complete the route from the nose to the lungs.)

4. Oxygen Cell Hi I am O2 ,you can call me oxygen, and I will be your guide today. I advise you keep all feet and hands inside the ride at all times.

5. Respiratory Intro You may be asking, what is the Respiratory system? Well, the Respiratory system is the system that helps you breath in and out, so oxygen (02) can be pumped through your body and carbon dioxide (CO2) can be removed from the blood stream. You must remember that the Respiratory system is made up of many different organs.

6. Where are we? Nasal Passage Tongue Pharynx Bronchi Tubes The Trachea is held open by partial rings of cartilage. Alveoli (air-sacs) Thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries Bronchioles pass air to and from your alveoli. Very thin cells line the alveoli so that O2 and CO2 can pass in and out of the blood. Here We Go!!!

7. Here is a overview picture of the Respiratory System. Just go to the next slide to see it.

8. Nasal Cavity Throat (pharynx) Nose Mouth Windpipe (Trachea) Bronchus Left lung Bronchiole Ribs Alveolus Diaphragm

9. The Nose and Mouth This is where it all begins. This is where the oxygen first enters your body and also where Carbon Dioxide leaves.

10. The Nose and Mouth When the air comes into your nose it gets filtered by tiny hairs and it is moistened by the mucus that is in your nose. Your sinuses also help out with your Respiratory System. They help to moisten and heat the air that you breath. Air can also get into your body through your mouth/oral cavity but air is not filtered as much when it enters in through your mouth.

11. Nose and Mouth Picture Nasal Cavity Nostril Oral Cavity Pharynx Here is a picture of your nasal and oral cavity.

12. Nasal Passage Tongue Pharynx Bronchi Tubes The Trachea is held open by partial rings of cartilage. Alveoli (air-sacs) Thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries Bronchioles pass air to and from your alveoli. Very thin cells line the alveoli so that O2 and CO2 can pass in and out of the blood. Where are We? We are here.

13. The Pharynx and Trachea Next we will head down to your pharynx (throat) and your trachea (windpipe). This is where the air passes from your nose to your bronchi tubes and lungs.

14. Mouth Pharynx (Throat) Trachea The Pharynx and Trachea Your pharynx (throat) gathers air after it passes through your nose and then the air is passed down to your trachea (windpipe). Your trachea is held open by “incomplete rings of cartilage.” Without these rings your trachea might close off and air would not be able to get to and from your lungs.

15. Nasal Passage Tongue Pharynx Bronchi Tubes The Trachea is held open by partial rings of cartilage. Alveoli (air-sacs) Thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries Bronchioles pass air to and from your alveoli. Very thin cells line the alveoli so that O2 and CO2 can pass in and out of the blood. Where are We? We are here.

16. The Bronchi Tubes and Bronchiole Intro Your trachea (windpipe) splits up into two bronchi tubes. These two tubes keep splitting up and form your bronchiole.

17. The Bronchi Tubes and Bronchiole These bronchi tubes split up, like tree branches, and get smaller and smaller inside your lungs. The air flows past your bronchi tubes and into your bronchiole. These tubes keep getting smaller and smaller until they finally end with small air sacs (called alveoli). But we will go there later…

18. Alveoli and Bronchi Picture Trachea Bronchi Tubes Bronchiole Alveoli

19. Nasal Passage Tongue Pharynx Bronchi Tubes The Trachea is held open by partial rings of cartilage. Alveoli (air-sacs) Thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries Bronchioles pass air to and from your alveoli. Very thin cells line the alveoli so that O2 and CO2 can pass in and out of the blood. Where are We? We are here.

20. The Alveoli and Capillary Network Now we will head over to the alveoli and what happens when the air finally makes it down there.

21. The Alveoli and Capillary Network Your alveoli are tiny air sacs that fill up with air/oxygen when you breath in. Your alveoli are surrounded by many tiny blood vessels called capillaries. The walls of your alveoli (and capillaries) are so thin that the oxygen or carbon dioxide can pass through them, traveling right into, or out of your blood stream.

22. Capillary Carbon Dioxide is dropped off Wall of the air sac Oxygen is picked up Red Blood Cell Alveoli Picture Here is a close up picture of your Alveoli and a Capillary surrounding it.

23. Nasal Passage Tongue Pharynx Bronchi Tubes The Trachea is held open by partial rings of cartilage. Alveoli (air-sacs) Thin-walled blood vessels called capillaries Bronchioles pass air to and from your alveoli. Very thin cells line the alveoli so that O2 and CO2 can pass in and out of the blood. Where are We? We are here.

24. Alveolus Bronchiole Respiratory Bronchiole Alveolar Duct Alveolar Sac Capillaries Alveolus

25. Cool pictures

26. Intro to Diaphragm Now we will look at the Diaphragm. You might be wondering, what does the Diaphragm do? The Diaphragm is an important factor in breathing.

27. Diagram of Diaphragm

28. Intro to Diaphragm Lets take a second to look over a diagram to review what we have learned.

29. CO2 Air Passing over the mucus membrane of the nasal cavity is moistened, warmed, and filtered Inside the lungs the Bronchi branch into small tubes called bronchioles Respiratory Overview Review The Pharynx, or throat, is located where passages from the nose and mouth came together. At the end of the bronchioles are bunches of alveoli, air sacs, arranged like grapes on a stem Air enters the trachea, or wind pipe which leads to and from the lungs If one lobe is injured or diseased, the other lobes may be able to function normally The trachea divides into two tubes called bronchi

30. Fun Facts * At rest, the body takes in and breathes out about 10 liters of air each minute. * The right lung is slightly larger than the left. * The highest recorded "sneeze speed" is 165 km per hour. * The surface area of the lungs is roughly the same size as a tennis court. * The capillaries in the lungs would extend 1,600 kilometers if placed end to end. * We lose half a liter of water a day through breathing. This is the water vapor we see when we breathe onto glass. * A person at rest usually breathes between 12 and 15 times a minute. * The breathing rate is faster in children and women than in men.

31. Key Words • Respiratory System- The group of organs in your body that are responsible for taking in Oxygen and breathing out the Carbon Dioxide which is the waste product of cellular respiration. • Oxygen-The gas that your body needs to work and function. • Carbon Dioxide- The waste product (gas) that is produced through respiration of people and animals. • Nose/Nasal Cavity- Where Oxygen first enters your body. Tiny hairs help filter the air and air is moistened and heated by your nose. Your Nose leads into your Nasal Cavity. • Mouth/Oral Cavity- Oxygen/air can also enter through your Mouth but it is not filtered. Your Mouth opens up into your Oral Cavity. • Sinus- A cavity in the bones of your skull that helps moisten and heat the air that you breath. • Pharynx/Throat- Gathers air from your Nasal and Oral Cavities and passes it to your Trachea. • Trachea/Windpipe- A tube like pathway that connects your throat to your Bronchi Tubes and lungs. Air passes through it when it travels from the Pharynx to the Bronchi Tubes.

32. Key Words Cont. • Bronchi Tubes- Each tube (one per lung) splits up into many smaller tubes called Bronchiole, like branches on a tree. • Bronchiole- Keep splitting up until they reach your Alveoli. • Respiratory Bronchiole- The air-tubes that are actually connected to the Alveoli. • Alveolar Duct- The final tube, which is part of the Alveoli, that leads to the air-sacs. • Alveolar Sac- Where the chemical change takes place and where blood cells pick up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide. • Alveoli- Tiny air-sacs at the end of your Alveolar Duct. They fill up with Oxygen and are surrounded by Capillaries. • Capillaries- Tiny blood streams (around one cell wide) that surround your Alveoli. They take Oxygen out of our Lungs and replace it with Carbon Dioxide, which you later breath out. • Diaphragm- The muscle membrane that helps you breath in and out by changing the pressure in your chest cavity.

33. The Circulatory System

34. Introduction • The Circulatory System is the main cooling and transportation system for the human body • The body has about 5 liters of blood continuously traveling through it by way of the Circulatory System

35. Introduction cont. • In the Circulatory System, the heart, lungs, and blood vessels have to work together • The Circulatory System has three different parts: pulmonary circulation (lungs), coronary circulation (heart), and systemic circulation, (the rest of the system’s processes

36. The Heart This organ is what pumps oxygen rich blood, nutrients, hormones, and the other things your body needs to maintain your health, to your organs and tissues. The pulmonary veins you see on the right side of the diagram come from your lungs, where the blood cells collect oxygen. It’s then pumped out to the rest of the body through the Aorta (Top). All of the blue sections show blood cells carrying waste, (C02) moving back to the lungs (where the C02 will be replaced by oxygen) through the Pulmonary Artery (Top, blue) Pulmonary Artery (Superior Vena Cava) From the Body (Aortic Artery) To the body Pulmonary Veins Valves: (tricuspid valve semilunar (pulmonary) valve, bicuspid (mitral) valve, and the semilunar (aortic) valve (Inferior Vena Cava) From the Body By The Way… Whenever the blood is pumped from one section of the heart another a valve closes behind it preventing the blood from moving backwards.

37. Blood Flow through Heart • Blood from the body travels into the right atrium, moves into the right ventricle, and is finally pushed into lungs in the pulmonary arteries • The blood then picks up oxygen and travels back to the heart into the left atrium through the pulmonary veins • The blood then travels through the to the Left Ventricle and exits to the body through the Aorta… Left Atrium

38. Blood Flow to Arms • Oxygen rich blood leaves the heart and travels through arteries • In the capillaries the oxygen and food is given to the body’s cells • The blood finally travels back through veins to the heart to pick up oxygen ARTERIES- FROM HEART CAPILLARIES VEINS- TO HEART

39. Path to the Exchange Pulmonary Vein Aorta A red blood cell travels from the heart through arteries that eventually branch into the body’s vast system of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels which connect arteries and veins), they eventually lead to… Brachial Artery Renal Artery Redial Artery Ulnar Artery Iliac Artery

40. TRANSACT When the itty bitty teeny tiny red blood cells pass the desired tissue they………………………………. Oxy-Rich Blood Cell Tissue The Exchange The oxygen the blood cells are carrying is given to the body’s tissue. Tissue And the CO2 (waste) from the tissue is given to the same blood cell to be exhaled. Oxy-Poor Blood Cell Technically the Hemoglobin in the blood (a substance full of iron) attracts oxygen from the lungs. The red blood cell then carries it to the desired tissue. Because this tissue has a high CO2 count the hemoglobin lets go of its oxygen and collects the carbon dioxide. You see the hemoglobin has an affinity for whichever gas has a greater count. Because the tissue has a large amount of built up waste (CO2) the hemoglobin attracts it and then replaces it with oxygen, and vise versa in the lungs. How It Works… Now lets travel to the legs!!!

41. Blood Flow to Legs !FUN FACT! • Approximately 500 ml of blood moves from the heart and lungs down to the legs when a person stands up after lying down • The oxygen rich blood cells then travel through the capillaries where yet another…

42. Gas Exchange Occurs, The oxygen and CO2 are exchanged…in the cells Oxygen Rich Tissue Don’t forget that the Hemoglobin in the blood cells let go of the cell’s oxygen because of the large CO2 (waste) count in the tissue. Oxygen Poor Oxygen Rich Oxygen Poor Now lets go back to the heart!!!

43. Circulation back to Heart • Capillaries carry the blood to… • Venules that connect to veins and the… • Veins (wide blood vessels) carries the oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. To upper body From upper body To lung To lung From lung From lung Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle From lower body To lower body

44. Conclusion As you have learned (Hopefully) the Circulatory System is one of the most important systems in the human body… It is the only reason you’re still alive today… and you can attribute the cooling down, feeding of and protection of your body to it. So the next time you bust open your leg skateboarding you can thank your Circulatory System for patching you up.

45. The End! The End So Take a Deep Breath and Beat It!!!!