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Simple Machines

Simple Machines . Devices that “make work easier”. Or do they???. Work DOES NOT become easier – the object still has to move through the same distance T he amount of input, or effort force, needed to move that object is what becomes easier or less

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Simple Machines

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  1. Simple Machines Devices that “make work easier”

  2. Or do they??? • Work DOES NOT become easier – the object still has to move through the same distance • The amount of input, or effort force, needed to move that object is what becomes easier or less • People use simple machines to lessen the input/effort force they need to apply (which is what we call “work”)

  3. There are technically 6 types… • Inclined Planes • Wedges • Screws • Pulleys • Wheels and Axels • Levers

  4. Inclined Planes • A flat, slanted surface that makes it easier to move heavy objects to higher or lower levels • Connection to station: • Gives mechanical advantage to person by moving large object with less effort; must move it for a longer distance though

  5. Wedges • An inclined plane that is used as a tool for cutting or separating things, or keeping things from moving • Connection to station: • Thicker wedges leave larger cuts but also have more resistance which needs a larger force to create the same cut • Bolt does not have point (wedge)

  6. Screws • An inclined plane wrapped in a spiral around a cylinder or cone • Connection to station: • A right triangle is an inclined plane • A screw is a right triangle around a rod

  7. Pulleys • A wheel with a groove in the rim which a rope fits into • Two types of pulleys: • Fixed – changes the direction of the effort force, but the force must equal the load • Moveable – decreases the effort force needed to move the load, but the rope moves a long distance to move the load a short distance

  8. Pulleys Continued • Connection to station: • Set-up 1 – kind of difficult to lift jug (fixed) • Set-up 2 – easier than first one but more rope needed (movable) • Set-up 3 – easiest of all, but lots more rope needed (combination of fixed and movable) • More pulleys = more rope needed

  9. Wheels and Axles • Wheels rotate in a circle around an axle; axle causes wheels to move • Connection to station: • No S.M. – very difficult to move books • Wheels only – person does most work by having to manually move wheels • Wheels and axles – the axles turn the wheels which decreases the needed effort force

  10. Gears (the 7th S.M.) • Wheels and axles with teeth Click here to understand how gears work

  11. Levers • A straight bar that rests on a fulcrum • Helps you lift heavy loads or change direction of force Click here to help better understand the 3 different classes of levers

  12. Levers Continued • Connection to station: • This was example of 1st class lever (pencil was always between F and L) • Closer the fulcrum is to the load, the less force needed to lift

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