Journal topic:

1. Journal topic: What would you like to know about how to give a proper presentation? Do you feel nervous/apprehensive about giving a speech to the class? Why or why not?

2. Preparing & Organizing a Speech “Grasp the subject, the words will follow.”

3. Know your responsibilities as a presenter • Selection: choosing topics, ideas, and supporting information carefully • Organization: making sure presentations are put together well • Style: using appropriate language for the topic, audience, occasion, & task • Memory: being able to adapt to different speaking situations by mentally filing away information and ideas. • Delivery: using appropriate verbal and nonverbal skills.

4. Consider your audience • Demographics are defining characteristics of your audience. • Age • Gender • Education • Group affiliation • Sociocultural background • Ethnicity

5. Consider your audience • Attitudes: Understanding how your audience feels about your topic • Will they agree or disagree with what I have to say? • Will their initial reaction be positive or negative? • Are they already familiar with the topic?

6. Consider the Occasion • Attendance • Consider why the audience is hearing your presentation – whether they want to be there or whether they are required • Time • Consider how much time is allotted for the presentation and what time of day you will make it. • Location • Consider where you will be giving your presentation.

7. Choosing your Topic • Choose subject areas of interest to you and your audience. • Be sure it suits the occasion. • Limit your topic so it can be effectively covered in the time allotted. • Consider the availability of information.

8. Deciding your purpose • General purpose is your overall intent. • To inform – conveys ideas and information in a clear, accurate, and objective manner to gain the audience’s interest. • To persuade – attempts to get an audience to voluntarily change its thoughts, beliefs, or actions on a topic. • To motivate – inspires or encourages an audience, relying more on emotions than on information to make their point. • To entertain – bring joy to others through a presentation.

9. Deciding your purpose • Specific purpose is more detailed about your particular topic. • State it in a sentence. • Be precise. • Make sure your specific purpose contains only one idea. • Include words that show your intent. • Your specific purpose is your thesis statement of your speech.

10. Examples • General purpose: To persuade the class that they should read To Kill a Mockingbird. • Thesis statement: “I would like to convince you to read To Kill a Mockingbird because it features interesting characters, thought-provoking issues, and an exciting plot.”

11. Parts of a presentation • Introduction • Get the attention of the audience • Humor • Quotation • Personal Experiences • Rhetorical Question • Startling Statement • Stories • Reference to audience, occasion, & task

12. Introduction • State your thesis • Ex: “Today I want to share what I’ve learned about global warming and its causes.” • “Privacy on the internet should be more protected by a ban on identity theft and a safeguard on information, because everybody has the fundamental right to have absolute control over his or her personal information.” • “Egyptian civilization has influenced life as we know it through their contributions to writing, construction, and the judicial system.”

13. Introduction • Establish your credibility. • Shows your genuineness and the common bond you have with your audience. • “I’ve always loved the water. Since I was young I have been swimming for competitive and enjoyment purposes.” • Preview your main points • “Today I will be discussing competitive swimming, informing you of the health benefits of swimming, and describing a common swimming workout.”

14. Body • Determine your main points. • Consider your purpose • Refer to your thesis statement • Know the availability of information • Make smooth transitions. • Links your introduction and conclusions • Allows your audience to remain focused • Use words or phrases such as “First of all”, “next”, or “on the other hand.”

15. Body • Organize your points logically. • Chronologically • Sequentially • Spatially • Topically • Cause-Effect • Problem-Solution

16. Conclusion • Summarize the presentation’s main points • Ex: “As you can see, swimming should be taken up as a daily exercise because it the health benefits, competitive benefits, and the enjoyment of a good workout.” • Restate the thesis. • Provide a clear ending to the presentation.

17. Conclusion • Special strategies are to refer back to your introduction. • Refer back to quotation or use another related quote • If it began with a story, refer back to it or give the ending. • Use humor. • Issue a challenge. • Make a recommendation.

18. Conclusion • Things to AVOID in your conclusion. • New ideas • Apologizing • Trailing off • Saying “That’s it.”