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Transmutation ( Objective 25.6: Identify two ways transmutation can occur)

Transmutation ( Objective 25.6: Identify two ways transmutation can occur). Transmutation is the conversion of an atom of one element to the atom of another element Happens naturally during radioactive decay Examples?

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Transmutation ( Objective 25.6: Identify two ways transmutation can occur)

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  1. Transmutation (Objective 25.6: Identify two ways transmutation can occur) • Transmutation is the conversion of an atom of one element to the atom of another element • Happens naturally during radioactive decay • Examples? • Happens when particles (usually alpha particles, protons or neutrons) bombard the nucleus of an atom • Examples: every element above atomic #92 was made artificially in the laboratory

  2. Man-made elements Example: creating plutonium-239 from uranium-238

  3. Practicing Transmutation Write an equation for the transmutation of protactinium-232 by bombardment with a neutron. One of the 2 products is a beta particle. Write an equation for the transmutation of beryllium-9 with an alpha particle. One of the two products is a neutron.

  4. Fission v. FusionObjective 25.9: Distinguish fission reactions from fusion reactions. • Fission- splitting of nucleus into smaller fragments • Only two isotopes that are fissionable: uranium-235 and plutonium-239 • Releases a lot of energy • Also releases neutrons– creates a chain reaction- these neutrons react with other fissionable nuclei which release more neutrons…..

  5. Uses of Fission: Nuclear Power PlantObjective25.8: Explain how a nuclear power plant works.

  6. Uses of Fission: Nuclear Power PlantObjective25.8: Explain how a nuclear power plant works. • Nuclear energy  heat energy  mechanical energy  electrical energy • Neutron moderators • used to increase energy release by slowing down neutrons so that they actually cause fission • Rods of carbon or water • Neutron absorbers • Used to decrease energy release by decreasing the number of moving neutrons • Rods of cadmium

  7. Nuclear Waste

  8. Fusion • Fusion- when nuclei combine to produce a nucleus of greater mass • Example

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