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kV2 Multifunction, Bi-directional Vector Electricity Meter Overview

kV2 Multifunction, Bi-directional Vector Electricity Meter Overview. Revised 10-27-00. What’s New. Extended Recording Capability 4 Channels (64K) or 20 Channels (192K) Soft Switch controlled - no option board required Extended Soft Switch Controls 15 Upgradeable Features using Soft Switches

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kV2 Multifunction, Bi-directional Vector Electricity Meter Overview

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  1. kV2 Multifunction, Bi-directional Vector Electricity Meter Overview Revised 10-27-00

  2. What’s New • Extended Recording Capability • 4 Channels (64K) or 20 Channels (192K) • Soft Switch controlled - no option board required • Extended Soft Switch Controls • 15 Upgradeable Features using Soft Switches • Upgrade and Downgrade meters - switches are transferable • Bi-directional Metering • Basic meter provides delivered and received kWh / kW • Add K switch to get lagging and leading kvarh / kvar • By-Quadrant Metering • Add B switch to get metering data by individual quadrant • Coincident Demand / PF Values • Up to 5 Demand values with two coincident values each

  3. What’s New (continued) • Totalizing • Up to 5 meters -- kV2 plus 4 external inputs • Accumulate, record profile data, and display totalized values • Transformer (& Line) Loss Compensation • IT Accuracy Correction • Extended Event Log Capabilities • Up to 500 events • Greater control over which events are logged • Extended Power Quality Monitoring Features • Fast Voltage Event Monitor and Log (up to 200 events) • Harmonic Analysis • THD, TDD, DPF, and Distortion kVAh measures • Per Phase V (L-L & L-N) & I: Filtered or with Harmonics • Frequency

  4. What’s New (continued) • Extended I/O Board Functions • Multiple I/O board provides 2 FM C & 6 FM A outputs, 4 external pulse inputs, and one RTP input • Revenue Guard Plus • Allows 3 element meters to automatically revert to 2 1/2 element operation upon loss of any (one) voltage input • Alphanumeric Display • Allows use of user defined display labels • New Disk Analog pattern: better for field testing • Improved Over-voltage Withstand Capability • Faster Communications • Up to 57.6K baud rate using high speed Smartcoupler™ • Larger packet size = faster data transfers • Improved Diagnostic Operation • More user control over thresholds (magnitude and duration)

  5. Overview • Wide voltage range operation • 120 ~ 480 Volts nominally, +10/-20% • Capable of metering 600/347 Volt 4-wire wye servicesNOT 600 V delta! • 57 ~ 120 Volt version also available • Class 20, 200, 320 available in S-base • Class 20, 150 available in A-base • Class 20 Switchboard • 120 ~ 480, or 57~120 Volt versions available • Not applicable to 600/347 V 4-wire wye services

  6. Overview (cont.) • Form Consolidation • 1S, 2S, 3S, 4S, 9S, 12S, 16S, 36S, 45S, 56S • 10A, 13A, 16A, 36A, 45A, 48A • Switchboard (3Z, 9Z, 36Z, and 45Z) • FitzallTM versions allow further inventory reduction • 9S, 16S for all TR & SC socket based applications • 10A or 48A, 16A for bottom connected applications • 9S Class 200 now available • Possible to meter all standard services with one meter!

  7. Overview (cont.) • NEW! Expanded choice of measurements • Choose up to 20 of 272 possible measures • Phasor, Apparent, Arithmetic Apparent • IEEE defined kvar(h) or “Fuzzy kvar(h)” • User defined Power Factor calculations • V2h, I2h….and much more! • NEW! Expanded upgradeability • Many new soft switches for expanded functionality • Add option boards for: • Pulse Initiator, Remote Comm., 3-phase power supply • Industry Standard Reading & Programming • ANSI C12.18 (PSEM) & C12.19 (Std. Tables) • ANSI C12.21 for modem communications

  8. Overview (cont.) • Simple to use • No K or Kh to program • Each meter “knows” to display energy measured by the meter • MeterMate can program meter without changing the Kt value set at the factory. • Specify PI value directly in Wh/pulse • Works even in unprogrammed mode (using a default program) • Automatic Site Diagnostic features

  9. Overview (cont.) • Clear, one-piece unbreakable cover • Single action reset lever • Performs demand resets only • Test Mode switch under cover • Remove cover or work through MeterMate DOS • No external mechanical access • Magnetically activated display switch • Access to Alternate Display & Site Genie • Non-volatile memory for all data • Battery maintains time keeping during outage only • “Industry standard” battery with lower current load

  10. Display Modes • Normal • Alternate • Site Genie • Test • Errors and Cautions

  11. Display Features • NEW! Alphanumeric display with programmable display labels • NEW! Up to 75 display items total • Display sequence programmable for normal, alternate, & test modes • Most items available in any display mode • Programmable display scroll time, 3~15 seconds • Display switch activated by magnet • Momentary: Returns to start of Normal scroll (also restarts a frozen CA or Er display) • 3 Seconds: Activates Alternate scroll • 6 Seconds: Activates Site Genie scroll

  12. Display • NEW! Disk Analog Scroll • 4 Boxes represent a percentage of the disk analog position • Boxes represent 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% of Kt value • At 100% all boxes turn off • Arrows show energy flow direction and quadrant • Separate indicator for each phase voltage - blinks when low, not shown if phase voltage not intended to be present • Three to six digit demand or energy display with zero to four places after the decimal point • TOU Rate indicator

  13. Site Genie Display • Provides Site Diagnostic Display Scroll • Service type • 2-1PH, 3-1PH, 5-2PH, 3-n, 3-d, 4-d, 4-y, InPROg, or SEr_Er • Per Phase Voltage, Current, and Phase Angles • Power Factor • Distortion Power Factor (dPF) : D/U • “Snapshot” at start of display scroll • Examples: 0.05 represents 5% Distortion Power (not bad!) 0.40 represents 40% Distortion Power (not good!) • Diagnostic Counter values, d1 ~ d8 • Reverts back to Normal display scroll when completed.

  14. Test Mode • NEW! Displayed quantity updated every 1 second. • Allows meter testing without disturbing billing or load profile data. • Initiate by pressing Test Button for 1 second or via MM DOS command • Demand Reset while in Test Mode resets all test data only. • “Single step” display via display switch. • Exit by pressing Test Button, MM DOS command, or by “test mode time-out” timer (1 min. ~ 99 hours).

  15. Test Mode Displayable Items • Most items available in Normal & Alternate modes. • Exclusive Test mode display items are: • Test mode data accumulations (1~20) • Test mode max.demands (1~5) • Test mode accumulating demands (1~5) • Time remaining in test demand interval (block demand) • Time remaining in test subinterval (rolling demand) • Test mode Power Factor

  16. Meter Cautions • Display may be Freezing or Non-Freezing • Individually control “enable” & “display” parameters (except CA 000010) • Loss of Program CA 000040 * • Unprogrammed CA 000010 * • Low Battery CA 000001 * • Potential Low CA 000400 * • Received kWh CA 400000 • Leading kvarh CA 040000 • Demand Overload CA 004000 (kW, kvar, kVA, kQ) • Message clears when condition clears and is retested • Others require demand reset before clearing • Optional call in to report the caution for most conditions • Last four cautions (above) optionally logged in Event Log

  17. Meter Errors • Always displayed, may be Freezing or Non-Freezing. • Battery & AC Power Fail (Time Loss) Er 000002 • System Errors (Microprocessor) Er 000020 • RAM Error Er 000100 • EEPROM Error Er 000200 • ROM Error Er 001000 • Voltage Reference Error Er 100000 • DAP Error Er 200000 • Message clears when condition clears • Optional call in to report condition

  18. Automatic Service Determination • By default, service type (4-wire wye, 3-wire delta, etc.) is determined automatically upon energizing the meter • The phase angle and magnitude relationships of Phase A and C voltage phasors are used to make determination • Only service types normally associated with that meter form number are used for comparison • Relationship tested every 5 seconds for up to one minute • Three consecutive valid matches sets up the service type • Service type is tested again 10 minutes after power up • Service type may be optionally tested • Every day (midnight for TOU, 24 hrs. for Demand Only) • After a demand reset • Diagnostics are active only when a valid service type exists • Service type may be manually set using MMDOS • Useful for Fitzall applications

  19. Diagnostics • Diagnostic 1 - Polarity, Cross Phase, Reverse Energy Flow • Diagnostic 2 - Voltage Imbalance • Diagnostic 3 - Inactive Phase Current • Diagnostic 4 - Phase Angle Alert • Diagnostic 5 A, B, C, T - High Distortion • Diagnostic 6 - Under Voltage, Phase A • Diagnostic 7 - Over Voltage, Phase A • Diagnostic 8 - High Neutral Current • Duration before diagnostic alert is set -- now programmable • Diagnostics 1~5 & 8: 15 seconds to 30 minutes, 5 sec. increments • Diagnostics 6 & 7: 3 seconds to 30 minutes, 1 sec. increments

  20. Diagnostic 1 • Polarity, Cross Phase, Reverse Energy Flow • Tests the phase angle relationship of the current and voltage phasors for each element. • Voltages must be within +/- 10° of expected phase angle • Currents must be within +/- 120° of expected phase angle at unity PF (assuming a 3-phase load on polyphase meters) • When enabled, the condition is tested every 5 seconds when a valid Service type is detected or set in the meter • Must fail three (or more) consecutive tests to set the diagnostic alert • Must pass two consecutive tests to clear the diagnostic alert

  21. Diagnostic 2 • Voltage Imbalance • Compares the magnitude of Phase B & C voltages with the Phase A voltage magnitude. • Must be within (+/-) the tolerance programmed • Normal differences, such as the high leg on a 4-wire delta, are automatically accounted for by the test • Tolerance may be set from 0~100% in one percent increments • When enabled, the condition is tested every 5 seconds when a valid Service type is detected or set in the meter • Must fail three (or more) consecutive tests to set the diagnostic alert • Must pass two consecutive tests to clear the diagnostic alert

  22. Diagnostic 3 • Current Imbalance Alert • Compares the magnitude of each phase current with the programmed threshold • If one or more phase currents falls below the threshold while the others are above it, the diagnostic is set • Tolerance may be set from 0.1A to Class amps (effectively) • When enabled, the condition is tested every 5 seconds when a valid Service type is detected or set in the meter • Must fail three (or more) consecutive tests to set the diagnostic alert • Must pass two consecutive tests to clear the diagnostic alert

  23. Diagnostic 4 • Phase Angle Alert • Tests the phase angle relationship of the current phasors with their respective voltage phasors for each element. • Currents must be within (+/-) the programmed tolerance of the expected phase angle at unity PF (assuming a 3-phase load on polyphase meters) • Tolerance may be set from 0° to 120° in one degree increments • Diagnostic 4 is checked only if Diagnostic 1 is enabled and passes its test • When enabled, the condition is tested every 5 seconds when a valid Service type is detected or set in the meter, and d1 passes its test • Must fail three (or more) consecutive tests to set the diagnostic alert • Must pass two consecutive tests to clear the diagnostic alert

  24. Diagnostic 5 • Distortion Alert • Tests the level of distortion at the meter • Type of distortion is programmable • Distortion Power Factor (D/U) • THD (Total Harmonic Distortion - V or I) • TDD (Total Demand Distortion) • Alert is set if the distortion exceeds the tolerance programmed AND the instantaneous demand exceeds the programmed threshold (___ kW / kvar / kVA / kQ) • Tolerance may be set from 0~100% in one percent increments • When enabled, the condition is tested every 5 seconds when a valid Service type is detected or set in the meter • Must fail three (or more) consecutive tests to set the diagnostic alert • Must pass two consecutive tests to clear the diagnostic alert

  25. Diagnostic 6 • Under Voltage Alert • Tests the magnitude of the Phase A voltage • Alert is set if the voltage falls below the reference voltage by the tolerance programmed • Tolerance may be set from 0~100% in one percent increments • By default, the reference voltage is determined by the meter automatically based on the service type and input voltage magnitude (120, 240, 277, 346, or 480 Volts) • The reference voltage may be set manually if desired • When enabled, the condition is tested every 1 second when a valid Service type is detected or set in the meter • Must fail three (or more) consecutive tests to set the diagnostic alert • Must pass two consecutive tests to clear the diagnostic alert

  26. Diagnostic 7 • Over Voltage Alert • Tests the magnitude of the Phase A voltage • Alert is set if the voltage exceeds the reference voltage by the tolerance programmed • Tolerance may be set from 0~100% in one percent increments • By default, the reference voltage is determined by the meter automatically based on the service type and input voltage magnitude (120, 240, 277, 346, or 480 Volts) • The reference voltage may be set manually if desired • When enabled, the condition is tested every 1 second when a valid Service type is detected or set in the meter • Must fail three (or more) consecutive tests to set the diagnostic alert • Must pass two consecutive tests to clear the diagnostic alert

  27. Diagnostic 8 • High Neutral Current Alert • Tests the magnitude of the imputed neutral current • Alert is set if the calculated neutral current exceeds the programmed tolerance • Tolerance may be set from 0 to Class amperes • This test is disabled for Form 45 and 56 meters used in 4-wire wye or 4-wire delta services • When enabled, the condition is tested every 5 seconds when a valid Service type is detected or set in the meter • Must fail three (or more) consecutive tests to set the diagnostic alert • Must pass two consecutive tests to clear the diagnostic alert

  28. kV2 Soft Switches The kV2 has 18 switches, 15 are sold in switch holders • A Switch** Alternate Communication • B Switch By-Quadrant measurements • C Switch**** Call In on Outage (Modem) * • D Switch** DSP Sample Output • E Switch* Event Log • G Switch Revenue Guard Plus • I Switch Instrument Transformer Correction • K Switch* kVA - Power Factor, kvar and kVA measures • L Switch Transformer Loss Compensation • M Switch Expanded Measures - per element measurements • P Switch** Pulse Initiator Output • Q Switch Power Quality Measures • R Switch*** Basic Recording (Four-channel) • T Switch* Time of Use • V Switch Fast Voltage Event Monitor and Log (Sag and swell, 1 to 65k cycles) • W Switch Waveform capture (70 sample sets - 6 measures per set - V & I per phase) • X Switch Expanded Recording (20-channel) • Z Switch Totalization Soft switches may be moved from meter to meter in kV2 (Soft switches may NOT be removed from kV meters) Legend: * Works in both kV and kV2 ** Same as kV - not sold as an upgrade - set in all kV meters *** R switch factory set in all kV’s but optionally set in kV2 **** Set in Comm board, not meter, may not be removed once set.

  29. Basic kV2 Capabilities • Energy (kWh) and Active Power (kW) • Present accumulations & demands, and “last reset” values • Delivered only • Received only • Delivered + Received • Delivered - Received • “Instantaneous” Values for Display • Per phase Voltage (L-L or L-N) & Current • Fundamental frequency only, or with harmonics • Active Power (kW) • Power Quality measures • DPF, THD, TDD, Distortion kVA • Frequency • Site Genie Data, Diagnostics (8), Cautions, Errors • Security Log information

  30. Received kW(h) Leading kvar(h) Q3 kVAh B Soft Switch • By Quadrant Measurements • Allows the enabled measurements to be tracked by quadrant • kWh and kW demand • kvarh and kvar demand * • kVAh and kVA demand (Phasor, Apparent, Arith. Apparent) * • * Requires K switch to be enabled Q Q2 Q1 Q1 kVAh Q2 kVAh Lagging kvar(h) Lagging kvar(h) Delivered kW(h) Received kW(h) P Delivered kW(h) Leading kvar(h) Q4 kVAh Q3 Q4

  31. C Soft Switch • Call-in On Outage • Allows the meter to call in during an outage to report the outage • Must be used in conjunction with a communication option board • Internal Modem • RSX board in the external modem mode • Must be used with the call-in-on-outage battery pack • Soft switch stored in the option board, not in the meter • May not be downgraded once set in the option board

  32. E Soft Switch • Event Log • Allows the meter to track the most recent 500 “events” • Use MMProg to select which event types should be logged and how many occurrences should be tracked - up to 500 occurrences max. • Date & time stamps on logged events for Demand/LP or TOU meters • Logged Events include: • Diagnostics 1~8: when set & when cleared (d5 by phase & total) • Cautions: Under voltage, Demand overload, leading kvarh, reverse energy flow -- when set & when cleared • Real Time Pricing activation and deactivation • Test Mode activation and deactivation • Externally initiated meter reading (local or remote) • Programming sessions • Power up, power down • Demand resets • Self Reads • Revenue Guard Plus activation & deactivation

  33. Demand resets Total number of resets Date & Time of last reset (TOU/recorder) Programming Total number of times programmed Date & Time of last programming (TOU/recorder) User ID of last programmer Calibration User ID of last calibrator Date & Time of last calibration (TOU/recorder) OPTOCOM communications Total # of communications Date & Time of last communication (TOU/recorder) Outages Total number of outages Cumulative Duration Date & Time of last outage (TOU/recorder) Security Log Information Note: These events are always logged. No soft switches necessary.

  34. G Soft Switch • Revenue Guard Plus • Allows a 3-element meter to revert to 2 1/2 element operation upon the loss of any (one) voltage input on a 4-wire wye service • Must be used in conjunction with a Revenue Guard option board • Operation is enabled using the Site editor in MMProg • Optional Event Log entry is made when meter reverts to 2 1/2 element operation • “Loss of phase voltage” condition tested every 5 seconds when in 3-element operation mode (less than 1/2 of expected voltage) • Three consecutive failures triggers 2 1/2 element operation • Reverts to 3-element operation after a programmable timeout and resumes testing for “loss of phase voltage” condition

  35. I Soft Switch • IT Accuracy Correction • Allows users to create and optionally use an alternate set of calibration constants • Use MMDOS to input the CT and VT ratio and phase angle correction factors for the instrument transformers used at that installation • MMDOS uses those factors, plus the original factory calibration constants, to calculate new calibration constants • The adjusted calibration constants are stored separately from the original factory constants • MMDOS allows users choose whether to apply the alternate set of calibration constants or not (makes calibration testing easier) • All measurements, including the Test LED output, are affected

  36. K Soft Switch • KVA and Reactive Measures • Adds kvar(h), kVA(h), kQ(h), and PF measurement capability • kvar(h) may be IEEE defined or “Fuzzy vars” • kVA(h) may be Phasor, Apparent, or Arithmetic Apparent • PF may be user defined • Traditional (kWh / Phasor or Apparent kVA) • Alternative (kWh / Arithmetic Apparent kVA) • Displacement PF (filtered to the fundamental frequency) • kV2 allows more than one alternate measurement to be made • Coincident Demand/PF capability in every kV2 makes the K switch an even more powerful featureNote: Unlike the kV, the K switch doesn’t add Distortion kVAh capability to a kV2 meter. That requires a Q switch.

  37. L Soft Switch • Transformer (& Line) Loss Compensation - watts & vars • Allows users to create and optionally use a set of transformer and line loss coefficients to compensate the metered values • Losses may be added to, or subtracted from, the metered values • Use MMDOS to input the no-load and load loss data for the power transformers and conductors used at that installation • MMDOS translates the data into compensation factors to be optionally used by the meter • The original factory calibration constants are unaffected • MMDOS allows users choose whether to apply the loss compensation factors or not (makes field calibration testing easier) • The Test LED output is unaffected by the loss compensation. All other data (except Distortion kVAh) is affected when the factors are applied.

  38. M Soft Switch • Expanded Measures - Per Element Measurements • Accumulation or Load Profile Recording of these “per element” values: • kWh & kW Demand • kvarh & kvar Demand * • Apparent kVAh & kVA Demand * • Also adds per element, per quadrant for Apparent kVA(h) Note: These values are always available for “real time” displays, but cannot be accumulated or recorded without the M soft switch* Also requires a K soft switch

  39. Q Soft Switch Power Quality Measures • Accumulation or Load Profile Recording of these power quality related values: • Distortion kVA(h) (total and per element) • Distortion PF (total and per element) • Total Demand Distortion (TDD) TDD = Total Harmonic Current / Max. Current Per Phase • Total Harmonic Distortion (THD): ITHD & VTHD per element • Line Currents: IA, IB, IC, IN, (max, min, store); IA2h, IB2h, IC2h, IN2h • Voltages (L-L, L-N): VA, VB, VC, (max, min, store); VA2h, VB2h, VC2hNote: These values are always available for “real time” displays, but cannot be accumulated or recorded without the Q soft switch.

  40. R Soft Switch • 4-Channel Recording • Enables up to 4 channels of load profile recording in 64KB of on-board memory • Enables up to 12 Self Read entries in a separate memory location • Number of active channels and days of LP data are configurable using MMProg Recorder Option editor Maximum Days of LP data per Channel Recording Interval (Minutes) Note: A battery is required for timekeeping during outages

  41. Load Profile Scale Factor • The kV2 Meter Load Profile Recorder can accumulate up to 32,767 pulses/interval. • Under some combinations of service connection, voltage, and interval length, pulse counts greater than this may be seen. • The Scale Factor may be programmed for a value from 1 to 10 to reduce the number of pulses stored. • The examples show maximum pulse counts for a 15 minute interval with a SF of 1. Pulse Count for a Class 320 kV2 with 320 amps applied for 15 minutes Pulse Count for a Class 20 kV2 with 15 amps applied for 15 minutes

  42. Load Profile Data Translation • MMLP Reports automatically convert data to engineering units • Third party translation software (e.g. MV-90) may require a “pulse value” input. NOTE: Pulse values shown assume the Scale Factor (SF) = 1

  43. T Soft Switch • Time-Of-Use • Enables TOU operation • Up to 4 TOU periods & 4 Seasons • Up to 3 daily rate schedule types, plus one holiday schedule • Up to 80 TOU Schedule set points • Up to 150 programmable dates (50 in kV) • Holidays, Season Change, DST, Self Read, Reset • Perpetual calendar handles most dates • Up to 5 billing & 5 demand measures per TOU period • Each demand measure capable of 2 coincident values • Future activation of TOU Schedule & Calendar possible • Enables load control output switch capabilities • Enables Self Read actions on specified dates -- with or without a Demand Reset Note: A battery is required for timekeeping during outages

  44. V Soft Switch • Fast Voltage Event Log • Monitors all phases for voltage sags and swells • Independently set magnitude threshold for sags and swells • 0~100% of Reference Voltage in 1% increments • Duration threshold from 1 to 65,535 cycles (18.2 min. @ 60Hz) • Event ends when all phase voltages are within tolerance • Voltage Event log is separate from regular Event Log (E switch) • Separate sag and swell event counters (65,535 events max.) • For each of the most recent 200 events, the Log captures : • Event type (sag or swell) • Max (swell) or Min (sag) RMS cycle voltage for each phase • RMS current coincident with voltage max/min • Duration of the event (in cycles -- up to 65,535) • Date/Time recorded if meter is in Demand/LP or TOU mode

  45. W Soft Switch • Waveform Capture with Harmonic & Power Analysis Reporting • Enables capture of sample data from the kV2 • 6 sets of 70 samples each (3 voltages, 3 currents) 54.7 samples per cycle, per phase, @ 60 Hz • MMDOS command triggers the data capture • MMDOS generates harmonic analysis reports for each voltage and current input • Power Analysisreport also generated • Capture the dataLocally or Remotely

  46. Harmonic Analysis Report Example

  47. Power Analysis Report Example

  48. X Soft Switch • Expanded Recording • Enables up to 20 channels of load profile recording in 192KB of on-board memory • Enables up to 12 Self Read entries in a separate memory location • Number of active channels and days of LP data are configurable in MMProg Recorder Option editor • See next slide for table of maximum days of LP data • Depends on number of active channels and LP interval length Note: A battery is required for timekeeping during outages

  49. X Soft Switch - Maximum Days of LP Data LP Interval (Minutes) Number of Channels

  50. Z Soft Switch • Totalization and External Pulse Input Scaling • Enables combining data from up to 5 meters • 4 external meter inputs plus the kV2 metered data • External inputs require use of the Multiple I/O option board • Up to 8 data combinations allowed -- “totalization maps” • Add or subtract inputs with the same engineering units • May use one totalization channel as input to a second totalization channel • Enables data scaling of external pulse inputs • External inputs may be recorded and displayed as unscaled raw pulse counts without the Z soft switch installed

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