Systems Engineering at Goddard Space Flight Center

1. Systems Engineering at Goddard Space Flight Center Presented by James AndaryFebruary 21, 2001 Joint Meeting with Chesapeake Chapter of INCOSE

2. Agenda • Welcome & Introduction • Who we are • Vision & Mission • Organization • Agency, GSFC, STAAC, SEACD, SMO • What we do • Flight Projects Support • Role of Systems Engineer on a project • Advanced Concepts • Advanced Engineering Environments • IMDC, ISAL, ISE, VSDE • Support to Enterprises • Support to Office of Chief Engineer

3. Agenda (Continued) • Process • NPG 7120.5, NASA Program and Project Management Processes and Requirements • EIA-632, Processes for Engineering a System • SP-6105, NASA Systems Engineering Handbook • AP233, Systems Engineering Data Representation • New Initiatives • Systems Engineering Education and Development (SEED) Program • Systems Engineering Core Capability

4. “It is difficult to say what is impossible, for the dream of yesterday is the hope of today and the reality of tomorrow.” Dr. Robert H. Goddard 1882 - 1945

5. Vision & Mission The Systems Engineering and Advanced Concepts Division (SEACD) provides end-to end systems engineering for programs, missions and projects including innovative concepts, system architectures and systems for new missions, technologies and concepts. The Division develops implementation and risk mitigation strategies for the infusion of technologies, ensuring that systems technology advancements are carried from concept through final design. The Division performs technical systems engineering and tradeoffs across the full life cycle for NASA Enterprise and external customers. The missions include Space and Earth science as well as enabling technologies.

6. Goddard Space Flight Center Office of the Director Flight Programs and Projects Directorate Applied Engineering and Technology Directorate Management Operations Directorate Office of System Safety and Mission Assurance Space Science Directorate Systems, Technology and Advanced Concepts Directorate Suborbital and Special Orbital Projects Directorate Earth Science Directorate

7. Systems, Technology and Advanced Concepts Directorate Director of Project Formulation New Opportunities Office Business Management Office NASA Space Operations Management Office NASA Technology Integration Division Flight Instrument Division Systems Engineering and Advanced Concepts Division

8. Systems Engineering and Advanced Concepts Division Division Chief Deputy Division Chief Chief Systems Engineer • Chief Systems Engineer • Reviews SE activities • Audits SE processes and procedures • Accountable to SMO • Liaison to customers • Responsible for SE training & tools Business Management Group (400.1) Systems Engineering Support and Advanced Concepts Branch Earth Science Missions Branch Space Science Missions Branch

9. Systems Management Office SMO Charter • SMO is accountable to the Center Director and is a resource for program/project management • System Engineering -- Independent Cost Analysis • Requirements Management -- Verification and Validation • Risk Management -- ISO Certification • Systems Review -- Knowledge Management • SMO is responsible for Systems Management policy, guidelines and integrated independent assessments. • Programs/Projects and Systems Engineering are responsible for implementing Systems Management.

10. The NASA Strategic Enterprises Office of the Chief Engineer The Office of the Administrator Human Development and Exploration of Space Biological and Physical Research Aerospace Technology Earth Science Space Science

11. Space Science Enterprise Themes • SEC: Sun-Earth Connection • SEU: Structure and Evolution of the Universe • SSE: Solar System Exploration • ASO: Astronomical Search for Origins

12. Earth Science Enterprise Themes • Biology and Biogeochemistry of Ecosystems and the Global Carbon Cycle • Atmospheric Chemistry, Aerosols & Solar Radiation • Global Water & Energy Cycle • Oceans and Ice • Solid Earth Science • Earth System Modeling

13. Flight Projects Support Role of the Systems Engineer Ensure the system is designed, built, and operated so that it accomplishes its purpose in the most cost-effective way possible, considering performance, cost, schedule, and risk.

14. Advanced Engineering Environments • Integrated Mission Design Center (IMDC) • Collaborative engineering environment for rapid mission design studies • Instrument Synthesis and Analysis Laboratory (ISAL) • Transforms instrument design process by accelerating the capacity to create, design, validate and operate new instruments • Intelligent Synthesis Environment (ISE) • Vision is to affect a cultural change that integrates into practice widely-distributed science, technology and engineering teams to rapidly create innovative, affordable products. • Virtual System Design Environment (VSDE) • A suite of systems engineering tools available to all systems engineers

15. Support to the Office of Chief Engineer Orlando Figueroa's Five Major Points • Engineering Excellence in NASA • Advance engineering excellence in NASA & strengthen Systems Engineering • Process Documentation • PAPAC (Agency-wide process) Policy 7120 • Promote infrastructure to move to a collaborative environment • Advanced Engineering Environments • NASA Collaboration with National & International bodies (i.e. INCOSE) • Stimulate NASA Engineering participation in National Academy of Engineering

16. INCOSE Goals • Provide a focal point for dissemination of knowledge • Promote collaboration in systems engineering education and research • Establish professional standards for integrity in the practice of systems engineering • Improve professional status of all people engaged in the of practice of systems engineering • Encourage support from government and industry for research and educational programs

17. Systems Engineering Processes Processes • NPG 7120.5, NASA Program and Project Management Processes and Requirements • EIA-632, Processes for Engineering a System • SP-6105, NASA Systems Engineering Handbook • AP233, Systems Engineering Data Representation

18. Program/Project Life Cycle Overview Within the Provide Aerospace Products and Capabilities (PAPAC) Process EVALUATION (PAPAC Subprocess) Pre- Formulation Formulation (PAPAC Subprocess) Approval (PAPAC Subprocess) Implementation (PAPAC Subprocess) • Requirements • Trades • Concept Development Studies • Evolving Technology • Enabling Activities • Program/ Project Definition • Proposal Review & Submission • Review • Independent Assessment • Approval • Establish Control • Manage Results • Design, Develop, & Sustain Systems • Deliver Products and Services Customer Requirements & Advocacy Continuous Customer Involvement & Satisfaction • OTHER CROSSCUTTING PROCESSES • Manage Strategically • Generate Knowledge • • Communicate Knowledge•

19. Systems Engineering Lifecycle Phases Understand User Requirements, Develop System Concept and Validation Plan Demonstrate and Validate System to User Validation Plan Develop System Performance Specification and System Verification Plan Integrate System and Perform System Verification to Performance Specification Expand Performance Specifications Into CI “Design-to” Specifications and Inspection Plan Assemble CIs and Perform CI Verification to CI “Design-to” Specifications Integration and Verification Sequence Evolve “Design-to” Specifications into “Build-to” Documentation and Inspection Plan Inspect to “Build-to” Documentation Decomposition & Definition Sequence Fabricate, Assemble, and Code to “Build-to” Documentation

20. Creating a Core Systems Engineering Capability Why a Core Systems Engineering Capability? • Provide improved systems engineering capability to the projects without just adding more systems engineers to the projects or requiring the projects to go to more support contractors for systems engineering. • Provide capability to address the new systems engineering requirements without increasing systems engineering assignments. • Assignment of a few civil servants and some support contractors to the core, if properly used, would preclude a larger number of systems engineers being added to the projects’ staffs. • For maximum productivity, the latest tools must be available and utilized.

21. Creating a Core Systems Engineering Capability The Systems Engineering Core • A small group of engineers who are experts in the systems engineering process, as well as those in training. • The nucleus of this group is comprised of civil servants who are supported by a larger number of support service contractors. • The core group supplies systems engineering expertise to all the programs and projects across the center and serves as a resource to all the collocated systems engineers. • Systems engineers are rotated through this core group as they come off of projects. • The core group acts as mentors to junior systems engineers in the SEED program and elsewhere. • A small number of civil servants are required for continuity of policy and to maintain systems engineering as a GSFC core competency.

22. Systems Engineering Core Competency AETD STAAC FPPD S.E.s in Training S.E. Project S.E. Advanced Concepts S.E. Instrument S.E. Mentoring

23. System Engineering Education & Development (SEED) • A cooperative effort of STAAC and AETD to develop promising discipline engineers and junior systems engineers into end-to-end mission systems engineers or instrument systems engineers. • Targeted at shortening the development cycle to under three years. • Focuses development through a curriculum of well-defined course work (defined through the DACUM process), rotational assignments through all phases of the NASA life cycle and mentorship from senior systems engineers. • The pilot program was initiated last year. • The participants have provided very positive feedback regarding rotations, courses and mentors. • Anticipate roll-out of the competitive announcement from OHR this Fall.

24. System Engineering Education & Development (SEED) Return to home organization GRADUATION PHASE I PHASE II No • Rotational Assignment • Examples: • Mission Work • IMDC • Innovative Concepts • Mission Director End-to-end Mission Systems Engineering And Discipline Systems Engineering Paths Administratively Detail To AETD GN&C Systems Engineering Branch Code 571 Continue in Program? Reassignment To AETD GN&C SE Branch Yes Educational Course Work • System Design and Analysis • System Verification & Validation • Mission Operations • Risk Mgmt & Decision Theory • Project Mgmt for System Engineers • Strategic Thinking • Cost Analysis of Missions • PPMI Systems Engineering • Space Mission Design and Analysis • System Reliability & Quality Assurance • PPMI System Requirements • Requirements Management • Instrument Design and Analysis • Designing Cost Effective Space Missions Greenbelt and Wallops Applicants • SEED Selection • Assign Mentor • Develop Career • Roadmap Systems Engineering Selection Opportunities PHASE II PHASE I Instrument Systems Engineer (ISE) Path Reassignment To AETD Elect Systems Center or Instrument Technology Center • Rotational Assignment • Examples: • Instrument Work • ISAL • Innovative Concepts • Mission Director Administratively Detail To AETD Electrical Systems Center (Code 560) Yes Continue in Program? No Return to home organization

25. Past Accomplishments

26. Launches in 2000 • EO-1/SAC-C Successfully launched November 21 • HETE II Successfully launched October 9 • NOAA-L Successfully launched September 21 • Cluster II (Part 2) Successfully launched August 9 • Cluster II Successfully launched July 16 • TDRS-H Successfully launched June 30 • GOES-L Successfully launched May 3 • IMAGE Successfully launched March 25

27. GSFC’s Future • In the next ten years, we will provide leadership in implementing: AQUA AURA GCC NPP GPM E&H Systematic measurement and NASA/NOAA transition missions to understand how the Earth is changing and the primary causes of change Missions to understand aspects of the coupled Sun-Earth system that directly affect life and society Large space observatories that take us to the limits of gravity, space and time Large scale scientific computing and scientific research Technology development associated with large telescopes & highly distributed and coordinated space systems STP LWS NGST LISA GLAST Con-X MAXIM SPECS

28. Upcoming Launches for 2001 • Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) • HESSI (SMEX 6) • TIMED/Jason • EOS-PM AQUA • QuikTOMS

29. Optics 1 km 10 km Combiner spacecraft 500 km Detector spacecraft The Black Hole Imager: MAXIM Observatory Concept 32 optics (300  10 cm) held in phase with 600 m baseline to give 0.3 micro arc sec 34 formation flying spacecraft System is adjustable on orbit to achieve larger baselines Black hole image!

30. HST Image M87 0.1 arc sec resolution MAXIM 0.1 micro arc sec resolution 4-8 m arc sec Image a Black Hole! • Direct image of a black hole event horizon - Fundamental importance to physics - Captures the imagination Close to the event horizon the peak energy is emitted in X-rays

31. Looking Behind the Microwave Background The universe is totally transparent to gravitational radiation, right back to the beginning of time and opens a new window to view behind the microwave background. In the nearer term…. Polarization of the microwave background contains the signature of gravitational waves from the period of inflation Future vision mission CMBPOL mission will detect it A mission to follow LISA will search for this background radiation

32. Advanced Sensors • Information Synthesis • Access to Knowledge Sensor Webs User Community Architecture of the Future Information

33. Living With a Star Space weather and its effects on human activities

34. Summary: “Proud of the Past”

35. Summary: “Prepared for the Future”

36. References • SP-6105, NASA Systems Engineering Handbook • NPG 7120.5, Program and Project Management Processes and Requirements • EIA Standard 632, Processes for Engineering a System • SED website: <http://sed.gsfc.nasa.gov>