Hiroshi Kawamura President, DAISY Consortium hkawa@atdo.jp

1. ITU ASP COE Training Workshop on Inclusive e-Services & e-Applications for Communities, 22-26 November 2010, Chiang RAI, Thailand, supported by Australian Government Information Support for Inclusive Disaster Risk Reduction Hiroshi Kawamura President, DAISY Consortium hkawa@atdo.jp Mayu Hamada ATDO hamada@atdo.jp

2. CSUN2007

3. Phuket Declaration, January 2007 • Tsunami disasters can be prevented through: • sharing of knowledge and best practices on Tsunami and other disasters, • strong commitment and active participation for contribution of all stakeholders including in particular persons with disabilities to eliminate the loss of lives, • local community-based initiatives for disaster preparedness and • infrastructure building including Tsunami early warning system at all levels to disseminate timely disaster warning to all people concerned, • building of disability friendly infrastructure addressing accessibility issues in all phases of disaster management.

4. Phuket Declaration, January 2007 In a knowledge-based society, ICT development, which includes assistive technologies and universal design concept, will contribute to the success of disaster preparedness development that will meet the diverse needs of all people including those of persons with disabilities and other vulnerable people including women, children, old people, cultural minorities, tourists, etc. in the community. Such ICT development should be based on internationally-recognized standards that are open, non-proprietary, and have proven track record of accessibility.

5. How did we reach the Phuket Declaration?

6. World Summit on the Information Society

7. Presentations on Disasters at WSIS Global Forum • The Role of ICT to Prevent Disaster and Disease for All by Hiroshi Kawamura (Geneva 2003) • Overview of ongoing ITU initiative for disaster prevention by Houlin Zhao • Participation in reinvention of safe and caring in Urakawa Town, a view of psychiatry users group, Bethel's House by Kohei Yamane • Accessible ICT for Disaster Preparedness and Warning; Human-centered Design of Standards and Technology for Effective Communication by MarkkuHakkinen • Preparing persons with autism and those who support them for times of disaster: The past with a look to the future by Stephen Shore

8. In the "Tunis Agenda": 91. We recognize the intrinsic relationship between disaster reduction, sustainable development and the eradication of poverty and that disasters seriously undermine investment in a very short time and remain a major impediment to sustainable development and poverty eradication. We are clear as to the important enabling role of ICTs at the national, regional and international levels including: a) Promoting technical cooperation and enhancing the capacity of countries, particularly developing countries, in utilizing ICT tools for disaster early-warning, management and emergency communications, including dissemination of understandable warnings to those at risk. b) Promoting regional and international cooperation for easy access to and sharing of information for disaster management, and exploring modalities for the easier participation of developing countries. c) Working expeditiously towards the establishment of standards-based monitoring and worldwide early-warning systems linked to national and regional networks and facilitating emergency disaster response all over the world, particularly in high-risk regions.

9. In the “Tunis Commitments”: 18. We shall strive unremittingly, therefore, to promote universal, ubiquitous, equitable and affordable access to ICTs, including universal design and assistive technologies, for all people, especially those with disabilities, everywhere, to ensure that the benefits are more evenly distributed between and within societies, and to bridge the digital divide in order to create digital opportunities for all and benefit from the potential offered by ICTs for development

10. Conclusion of the Global Forum Disaster Preparedness of Persons with Disabilities was identified as one of the most crucial issues to be tackled by ICT development so that everybody in the community including persons with disabilities will be able to take part in the disaster preparedness development

11. UN Convention on the right of Persons with DisabilitiesArticle 11Situations of risk and humanitarian emergenciesStates Parties shall take, in accordance with their obligations under international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, all necessary measures to ensure the protection and safety of persons with disabilities in situations of risk, including situations of armed conflict, humanitarian emergencies and the occurrence of natural disasters.

12. UN Convention on the right of Persons with Disabilities Article 2: Definitions For the purposes of the present Convention: … “Reasonable accommodation” means necessary and appropriate modification and adjustments not imposing a disproportionate or undue burden, where needed in a particular case, to ensure to persons with disabilities the enjoyment or exercise on an equal basis with others of all human rights and fundamental freedoms; “Universal design” means the design of products, environments, programmes and services to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. “Universal design” shall not exclude assistive devices for particular groups of persons with disabilities where this is needed.

13. Lessons of the Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 Requirements for survival from Tsunami: Knowledge on Tsunami Proper evacuation scenario Timely warning and decision making Collaborative evacuation with neighbors http://ldesign.com/Images/Essays/OnReality/OnReality%20Part%203A(Update)/tsunami08.jpg

14. Challenges met by Persons with Disabilities Knowledge on Tsunami: Lack of access to knowledge Evacuation scenario: Lack of evacuation information Timely warning: Lack of accessibility Collaborative evacuation with neighbors: Stigma, Social exclusion

15. Re-visiting Phuket Declaration, January 2007 • sharing of knowledge and best practices on Tsunami and other disasters, • strong commitment and active participation for contribution of all stakeholders including in particular persons with disabilities to eliminate the loss of lives, • local community-based initiatives for disaster preparedness

16. Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster 2004 Inclusive DRR in Manila

17. “Some sea gypsies’ communities became sedentary in Phuket partly (but not only) due to the attraction of revenues from the tourism industry. Apart from being in themselves a (debatable) tourist attraction, they provide cheap labour (often the cheapest next to Burmese migrant workers). They also use their boats for sea transportation of tourists to the islands of the bay of Chalong and Rawai. On the other hand some other sea Gypsies communities (moving along the Andaman coast) still have more or less their original livelihoods strategies mostly based on fishing and harvesting seashells. The latter proved to be quite resilient and there are accounts of communities that literally escaped the Tsunami thanks to indigenous knowledge. It is important to consider these differences and even take into account and utilise indigenous knowledge when appropriate in the recovery phase.” (Livelihood Recovery & Environmental Rehabilitation, report of UNDP / World Bank / FAO Joint Tsunami Disaster Assessment Mission 4 - 8 January 2005)

18. All Persons with Disabilities Evacuated Successfully in Rawai A Survivor who were blind (right) Meeting at Rawai Community in Phuket, 24 May 2008

19. DAISY on Youtube Enjoy DAISY Part 1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOwRkvGOhvA Enjoy DAISY Part 2 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTAHGUOVK20 Enjpy DAISY Part 3 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JRjiZzflt_g

20. Sharing common understanding on Tsunami in Urakawa Town Urakawa Town Inclusive DRR in Manila

21. Inclusive DRR in Manila

22. Information for Knowledge • Timing • Subject • Format • Language • knowledge • decision • reaction Libraries and Telecenters

23. Example of DAISY multisensory education materialsfor Tsunami Evacuation • Go straight to the point • Tell what to do rather than what should not be done • Use favorite or familiar • characters • pictures • drawings • voices • favorites • places • tastes • Music, rythms • Understanding by brain and by body both

24. Inclusive DRR in Manila

25. A Youtube Video on Urakawa http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tTAHGUOVK20&feature=related

26. infrastructure building including Tsunami early warning system at all levels to disseminate timely disaster warning to all people concerned, • building of disability friendly infrastructure addressing accessibility issues in all phases of disaster management.

27. Why Reasonable Accommodation is a critical issue?

28. Self-help and Self-decision making is crucial for survival in disaster situation • FPIC: Free, Prior and Informed Consent • Access to Information for knowledge on • Each disaster: earthquake, Tsunami, flood, cyclone, land slide, pandemics, &c. • Evacuation plan, route, facility, support, community resources including shelters • Information access in the right timeand right format taking advantage of ICT • Access to evacuation planning process and evacuation exercise

29. Community-based disaster preparedness is the most effective disaster risk reduction strategy

30. Equal and full participation of persons with disabilities in disaster preparedness is the key to prevent loss of lives Asia & Pacific 3rd Decade of Persons with Disabilities (UN ESCAP) will include disability inclusive community based DRR

31. Conclusions • Persons with disabilities are not just vulnerable but become active partners to build safe community for everybody, when appropriate accommodation to meet specific needs is provided • ICT Assistive technology development should be integrated in universally designed mainstream technology • Web accessibility guidelines and DAISY Standard play crucial role to make disaster information for knowledge accessible • Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015:Building the resilience of nations and communities to disasters (HFA) need to be revised to address the needs of persons with disabilities

32. Knowledge, Knowledge, Knowledge, and Knowledge!

33. Hands on Session on Disaster Preparedness Manual

34. Thank you very much for your attention! 3000 residents of Miyake Island in Tokyo were forced to live in shelters for 1600 days due to eruption of a volcano. People returned to reconstruct their homes in 2005.