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Ron Riley Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit

Should the Focus be on Aflatoxins Alone?. Ron Riley Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia. To be covered: Aflatoxin (AFB) and Fumonisin (FB) in Guatemala. FB as a Confounder in Studies of AFB Health Effects.

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Ron Riley Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit

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  1. Should the Focus be on Aflatoxins Alone? Ron Riley Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit USDA Agricultural Research Service, Athens, Georgia

  2. To be covered: • Aflatoxin (AFB) and Fumonisin (FB) in Guatemala. • FB as a Confounder in Studies of AFB Health Effects

  3. “Sown to be eaten, it is the sacred sustenance of the men who were made of maize. Sown to make money, it means famine for the men who were made of maize” From “Men of Maize” Miguel Angel Asturias (Translation of the Popol Vuh – sacred book of the Maya)

  4. Fumonisin and Aflatoxin B1 in Guatemala in 2012 (Torres et al., unpublished) AFB1 (ppb)/Total FB (ppm) 308/4.0 195/1.3 200/2.3 85/2.5 117/1.1 70/1.8 283/1.9 13/0.3 34/2.5 16/1.4 105/1.0 19/1.0 26/1.0 30/1.7 0/1.1 8.8/4.6 2.0/2.2 10/1.4 0.4/4.6 279/2.4 12/3.8 1.1/3.8

  5. 1992- present - Disruption of sphingolipid metabolism as the mechanism of action for fumonisin-induced diseases in----- • Humans? • Horse • Pig • Goat • Rabbit • Mink • Rat • Mouse • Turkey • Chicken • Duck • Catfish • Trout • Carp • Corn seedlings • Tomato

  6. The concentration of fumonisin B1 in urine and the Sa 1-P/So 1-P ratio in blood are significantly correlated in a dose-dependent manner.

  7. To be covered: • Aflatoxin (AFB) and Fumonisin (FB) in Guatemala. • FB as a Confounder in Studies of AFB Health Effects

  8. 1992- present - Disruption of sphingolipid metabolism as the mechanism of action for fumonisin-induced diseases in----- • Humans • Horse • Pig • Goat • Rabbit • Mink • Rat • Mouse • Turkey • Chicken • Duck • Catfish • Trout • Carp • Corn seedlings • Tomato

  9. “…..given the interactions found experimentally, the co-contamination of crops by aflatoxins and fumonisins, and the fact that both toxins occur in populations with a high prevalence of HBV infection, a role for fumonisins in HCC is plausible.” (page 93, col 3) “Groundnuts and Mealies”Jackie Caestairs 1989)

  10. GPCR S1PR1-5 Sphingosine 1-phosphate extracellular signaling through the G protein coupled receptors - S1PR1-5 platelets Sphingosine 1-phosphate extracellular and “Inside-Out” signaling through the G protein coupled receptors - S1PR1-5 HDL S1P RBC + S1P -/- Sph +/- + -/- Cytoskeletal rearrangement Neuronal excitation Neurogenesis N +/- Vascular maturation Cell motility Hearing Angiogenesis Lymphocyte trafficking Barrier integrity S1P & dhS1P C Sph salvage and dhSph de novo and SphK1/2 activation

  11. Traditional processing of maize in Central America Mural-Diego-Rivera-21-photo-by-Mirairi-Erdoza

  12. Financial and Administrative Support 1999 – 2012 • Guatemala and Central America • Red SICTA - IICA/COSUDE • CONAGRAB, Comision Nacional de Granos Basicos • Institute of Science and Technology Agricultural (ICTA) • Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONCYT), FODECYT • COMUDEB, Hospital General San Juan de Dios • Puesto de Salud Santa Isabel, Escuintla • Foundation for Food Nutrition for Central America and Panama (FANCAP) • Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) • Laboratorio Diagnóstico Molecular, CA. • Pan American Health Organization United States of America • USDA Foreign Agricultural Service (FAS) • ILSI NA Technical Committee on Food Toxicology and Safety Assessment • USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS) • National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US NIEHS) • NIH Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development grant (1RC4HD067971-01 )

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