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Bwrq iv`c AwvwjweI dy swDn

Bwrq iv`c AwvwjweI dy swDn. AiDAwpk dw nW – sroj rwxI ivSw – smwijk is`iKAw jmwq – dsvIN AiDAwey nM - 9 skUl dw nW – s. h. s, Aihmdpur izlHw - mwnsw. ividAwrQIAW dw nwm hrpRIq kOr mMjU rwxI virMdr isMG suKivMdr isMG. pUrv igAwn.

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Bwrq iv`c AwvwjweI dy swDn

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  1. Bwrq iv`c AwvwjweI dy swDn AiDAwpk dw nW – sroj rwxI ivSw – smwijk is`iKAw jmwq – dsvIN AiDAwey nM - 9 skUl dw nW – s. h. s, Aihmdpur izlHw - mwnsw ividAwrQIAW dw nwm hrpRIq kOr mMjU rwxI virMdr isMG suKivMdr isMG

  2. pUrv igAwn • jdo lok ie`k sQwn qoN dUjy sQwn qy jWdy hn qW aus nMU kI kihMdy hn? • purwxy smy iv`c lok ie`k sQwn qo dUjy sQwn qy ikvyN jWdy sn? • purwxy smyN iv`c AwvjweI dy ikhVy-2 swDn sn? • Ajoky Xu`g iv`c AwvjweI dy pRmu`K swDn ikhVy-2 hn? • Awau b`icE! A`j AsIN AwvjweI dy pRmu`K swDn bwry ivsQwrpUrvk crcw krWgy[

  3. BUimkw • vsqW Aqy ivAkqIAW nMU ie`k sQwn qo dUsry sQwn q`k lY jwx nMU AwvwjweI kihMdy hn[ • iehnW kMmW nUM pUrw krn leI vrqy jwNdy swDnW nMU AwvwjweI dy swDn ikhw jWdw hY[ • audwhrx dy qOr qy hvweI jhwz, bYlg`fI, b`s, rylg`fI, tr`k, kwr Awid AwvwjweI dy swDn hn[

  4. AwvwjweI pRxwlI

  5. sVk mwrg

  6. sVk mwrg • rylW dI bjwey sVkW dyS dI purwxI qy sB qoN mh`qvpUrn pRxwlI hn[ • sVkW nMU iq`KIAW FlwnW qy vI bxwieAw jw skdw hY[ • ies leI qusI dyiKAw hovygw ik phwVI BwgW iv`c izAwdwqr sVk AwvwjweI hI mu`K swDn huMdw hY[ • swfy pVOsI rwj ihmwcl pRdyS ivc AwvwjweI dw m`uK swDn sVkW hI hn[

  7. sVk mwrg • sVkW m`uK qOr qy do qrHW dIAW hMudIAW hn: k`cI Aqy p`kI [ • AwzwdI qo bwAd dyS iv`c sVkW dy inrmwx iv`c bhuq qyzI AweI hY[ • AwzwdI qoN bwAd dyS iv`c p`kIAW sVkW bxwaux dw kMm bhuq qyz gqI nwl hoieAw hY[ • sVkW dw vrgIkrn ie`k dUsry FMg nwl vI kIqw jWdw hY[

  8. sVk mwrg • ijs Anuswr sVkW iqMn iksm dIAW hn: • rwStrI mhW mwrg • rwj mhW mwrg • izlHw qy pyNfU mwrg

  9. sVk mwrg • kyNdr srkwr ie`k dUsrI iksm dIAw sVkW dI izMmyvwrI vI sMBwldI hY[ • iehnW nUM sImwvrqI sVkW ikhw jWdw hY[ • iehnW sVkW dw inrmwx swfIAW sImwvW dI sru`iKAw qy sImwvrqI KyqrW iv`c rihMdy lokW nUM mu`K Bwg nwl joVn leI bhuq zrUrI hY[

  10. sVk mwrg • swfy sYink iehnW KyqrW iv`c rih ky hI rwq-idn sImw qy pihrw idMdy hn[ • iehnw sImw dy pihrydwrw dy leI KwD pdwrQ Aqy hiQAwrW dI splweI nUM lgwqwr bxwey r`Kx leI iehnw sVkW dw inrmwx Aqy sMBwl bhuq hI zrUrI hY[ • ies sMbMD iv`c lyh-mnwlI mwrg jo sImw sur`iKAw dIAw zrUrqW pUrw krn leI bxwieAw igAw mwrg hY, sMswr dw sB qoN v`D au~cweI vwlw sVk mwrg hY[

  11. sVk mwrg • rwjW iv`c AwvwjweI dw pRbMD rwj srkwrW dy h`Q iv`c hY[ • sVk inrmwx qy sWB-sMBwl dy kMm leI rwj srkwrW ny lok inrmwx ivBwg jW pI. fblXU. fI. dI sQwpnw kIqI hoeI hY[ • iehnW b`sW iv`c rozwnw lgBg 5 kroV lok s&r krdy hn[ • iehnW iv`c lgBg 7 l`K krmcwrI kMm krdy hn[

  12. sVk mwrg • sVkW qy swmwn qy mwl-FuAweI dw kMm pUrx qOr qy in`jI Kyqr iv`c hY[ • sMn 1994-95 iv`c tr`kW dI sMioKAw v`D ky lgBg 18 l`K q`k ho geI sI[ • jo ik dyS iv`c rijstrf ku`l g`fIAW dw lgBg 6% hY[

  13. ryl mwrg

  14. ryl mwrg • BwrqI ryl dyS dw sB qo v`fw srkwrI Adwrw hY[ • rylvy iv`c 16 l`K qo vI v`D p`ky krmcwrI kMm krdy hn[ • ies qoN ibnw keI l`K lok k`cy qOr qy kMm krdy hn[ • rylvy ivBwg Bwrq iv`c kyNdr srkwr dy ADIn hY[ • jdoNN ik izAwdwqr b`sW rwj srkwr qy in`jI Kyqr dI dyK-ryK hyTW kMm krdIAW hn[

  15. ryl mwrg • BwrqI rylvy dyS dI AwriQk pRxwlI dw ie`k bhuq hI mh`qvpUrx ih`sw hY[ • iesy krky hI dyS dy rylvy dw bjt dyS dy iv`q bjt qo v`Krw pyS kIqw jWdw hY[ • Bwrq iv`c pihlw ryl mwrg 1853 iv`c bxwieAw sI[

  16. ryl mwrg • ies dw inrmwx AMgryzI rwj dy smyN dyS qo k`cw mwl bwhr Byjx Aqy bwhr qoN iqAwr mwl BwrqI bwzwr iv`c vMfx leI kIqw igAw sI[ • ies krky AsIN kih skdy hW ik AMgryzI rwj dy smy rylW dw inrmwx BwrqI AwriQk pRxwlI dI l`ut –Ks`ut leI kIqw igAw sI[

  17. ryl mwrg • iehnW kwrxW krky hI Bwrq iv~c AMgryzI rwj smyN rylW dw inrmwx bhuq qyzI nwl hoieAw[ • Bwrq iv~c rylW dw jwl bhuq hI ivSwl rUp iv~c PYilAw hoieAw hY[ • AwvwjweI dy dUsry swDnW dI qulnw iv~c BwrqI AwriQk pRxwlI iv~c rylW dw mh`qv bhuq izAwdw v~D igAw hY[

  18. ryl mwrg • Bwrq iv~c iqMn iksm dy gyjW vwlIAW ryl ptVIAW hn: - • v`fI lwien jW bRof gyj (1.69 mItr) • CotI lwien jW mItr gyj • qMg lwien jW nYro gyj (0.77 mItr)

  19. ryl mwrg • iehnW iv`coN qIsry pRkwr dI ryl lwien kyvl kuJ prbqI BwgW q`k hI sImq huMdI hY ijQy kyvl hlkI ryl hI c`l skdI hY[ • kwlkw – iSmlw ryl mwrg qy clx vwlIAW rylW ies qrHW dI lweIn dI ie`k suMdr audwhrx hY[ kwlkw – iSmlw ryl

  20. ryl mwrg • Bwrq iv~c 95% qoN vI v`D XwqrI dUsry drjy dy if`ibAW iv`c Xwqrw krdy hn[ • ies dw mu`K kwrx Bwrq dI jnsMiKAw dy izAwdwqr lokW duAwrw ryl dy pihly drjy qy hvw AnukUilq ih`sy iv`c s&r krnw mihMgw pYx krky hY[ • iesy krky hI dUjy drjy dy if`ibAW iv`c svwrIAW dw vDyry dbwA jW BIV bxI rihMdI hY[ • Aijhy BIV-BwV vwly if`ibAW iv`c Aksr jn-shUlqW dI Gwt rihMdI hY[

  21. ryl mwrg • lMbI dUrI qy jwx vwly XwqrIAW nUM qW bhuq muSklW dw swhmxw krnw pYNdw hY[ • dUsry drjy iv`c shUlqW vDwaux nwl rwKvyNkrn dw ivsqwr krky, ies iv`c iBRStwcwr Kqm krn krky Awid dy keI h`l siQqI ivc qbdIlI ilAw skdy hn[ • ipCly swlW dOrwn kMipaUtr duAwrw rwKvyNkrx dy pRbMD dw bhuq v`fy p`Dr qy ivsqwr kIqw igAw hY[

  22. ryl mwrg • rylW dI mu`K Awmdn mwl dy ikrwey qoN huMdI hY[ • rylvy nUM lMbI dUrI vwlIAW qyz r&qwr g`fIAW nUM clw ky lMbIAW dUrIAW nUM G`t smyN iv`c qih krn dI koiSS kIqI hY[ • ienHW dI r&qwr 100 iklomItr pRqI GMty qoN vI v`D hY[

  23. ryl mwrg • dyS dI sB qoN qyz gqI nwl clx vwlIAW rylW iv`c ‘SqwbdI AYkspRYs tRynW’ hn[ • SqwbdI tRynW nUM dyS dy sB qoN pihly pRDwn mMqrI SRI jvwhr lwl nihrU dy jnm sdI swl 1985 iv`c SurU kIqw igAw sI[ • ijs krky hI ienHW nuuUM SqwbdI tRynW ikhw jWdw hY[

  24. ryl mwrg • ieh tyRnW rwStrI rwjDwnI Kyqr id`lI dy Awspws mu`K SihrW ijvyN cMfIgVH, Bopwl, jyYpur, Awgrw, AMimRqsr, lKnaU Awid nMU ie`k pwsy Awps iv`c joVdIAW hn[ • dUsry pwsy hr roz Awspws dy SihrW qoN id`lI v`l Awaux vwly lokW dy dbwA nUM G`t krdIAW hn[

  25. ryl mwrg • SqwbdI rylW qoN ibnw rwjDwnI AYkspRYs rylW vI srkwr duAwrw clweIAW geIAW hn[ • jo ik v`K-2 rwjW dIAW rwjDwnIAW nMu id`lI nwl G`t qoN G`t smyN iv`c joVn dy audyS leI clweIAW geIAW hn[ Bopwl SqwbdI AYkspRYs

  26. ryl mwrg • BwrqI ryl qyz rPqwr nwl c`lx vwlIAW svwrI g`fIAW dy nwl nwl bhuq jrUrI vsqW nUM jldI nwl qy inSicq sQwnW q~k phuMcwaux dw kMm vI krdI hY [ • ies kMm iv~c qyj rPqwr vwlIAW mwl g~fIAW shwieqw krdIAW hn [

  27. ryl mwrg • kMntynr syvw dy duAwrw rylW lokW dy GrW q~k swmwn phuMcw rhIAW hn[ • kMntynr syvw duAwrw AwvwjweI Aqy vMfx iv~c G~t smW lgdw hY[ • ies nwl swmwn sur`iKAq vI rihMdw hY[ kMntynr syvw ryl

  28. ryl mwrg • BwrqI rylW dw koeI vI vrnx ADUrw hI rhygw jdoN q~k AsIN mhWngrW dy nwl ssqI AwvwjweI dw ijkr nW krIey[ • ieh syvwvW muMbeI, cyn~eI, kolkwqw Aqy id~lI iv~c imldIAW hn[ • kolkwqw qy id`lI iv~c qW Drwql dy hyTW mYtro ryl clweI jWdI hY [ mYtro ryl

  29. ryl mwrg • ijAwdw ruJy hoey ryl mwrgW qy dUhrI ryl lweIn ivCweI jw rhI hY[ • dUsry mu~K ryl mwrgW dy ibjlIkrn dy ivSyS Xqn kIqy jw rhy hn[ • hux q~k ryl mwrg dy dsvyN ih~sy qoN vI v~D dw ibjlIkrn kIqw jw cu~kw hY[ • ijs nwl sPr suKmeI qy swP gujrdw hY Aqy nwl hI vwXU pRduSn qoN Cutkwrw vI iml jWdw hY

  30. ryl mwrg • iesy qrHW fIzl ieMjxW dI sMiKAW iv~c vI kw&I vwDw hoieAw hY [ • fIzl ieMjx v`D qwkqvr hox krky izAwdw mwl Aqy svwrI f~ibAW nUM iKc skdw hY[ • qIsrw mu~K auprwlw rylvy isgnlW nUM svYcwilq bxwieAw jwxw hY [ fIzl ieMjx

  31. ryl mwrg • AwDuinkIkrx dI idSw iv`c vI sB qoN nvInqm Aqy mh`qvpUrn kdm SqwbdI qy rwjDwnI AYkspRYs trynW iv~c ryl cwlk qy gwrf donW nUM mobwiel Pon dI shUlq pRdwn krvwauxw hY[ • sur`iKAw dI nzr qoN ieh bhuq hI pRMSSwXog kdm hY[

  32. jl mwrg

  33. jl mwrg • Bwrq iv`c jl mwrg rwhI XwqrwvW Aqy vpwr dw ie`k lMbw ieiqhws hY[ • purwqn smyN iv`c BwrqI vpwrI d`KxI-pUrbI eySIAw Aqy KwVI dy dySW nwl vpwr krdy huMdy sn[

  34. jl mwrg • AwzwdI dy bwAd vI jl AwvjweI dI aunqI leI koiSSW kIqIAW jw rhIAW hn[ • dyS ie`k lMbI q`t ryKw hY[ • ies dI r`iKAw krnw bhuq hI mh`qvpUrn hY[

  35. m`uK bMdrgwhW • ijvyN ik qusI jwxdy ho ik Bwrq ie`k lMbI q`t ryKw hY[ • ies q`t ryKw qy bMdrgwh bxwayx vwsqy AnukUl siQqIAW imldIAW hn[ • Bwrq srkwr ny iehnW iv`coN bhuq swry sQwnW qy bMdrgwhW bxwaux dw kMm kIqw hY[

  36. m`uK bMdrgwhW • bMdrgwh auh sQwn hY ijQy smuMdrI jhwz nUM Awaux-jwx, Tihrn Aqy smwn l`dx Aqy auqwrn dI shUlqW pRdwn kIqI jwdI hY[ • ies smyyN dyS iv`c v`K –v`K shUlqW vwlIAW 12 mu`K bMdrgwhW hn[ • iehnW iv`c muMbeI dyS dI sB qoN v`fI bMdrgwh hY[

  37. m`uK bMdrgwhW • iehnW 12 mu`K bMdrgwhW qoN ibnW vI dyS iv`c CotIAW bMdrgwhW hn[ • Bwrq dIAW mu`K ndIAW gMgw, bHRhmpu`qr, godwvrI, ikSnw, mhWndI Aqy qwpqI ndIAW lgBg 5200 ik. mI. q`k dUrI iv`c ikSqI Aqy byVy clwey jw skdy hn[ • ies qrHW dI AwvjweI nMU AMdrUnI jl AwvjweI ikhw jWdw hY[

  38. hvweI mwrg

  39. hvweI mwrg • hvweI AwvwjweI ny AwvwjweI dy Kyqr iv`c krWqI dy Xu`g dI SurUAwq kIqI hY[ • ie`k smW sI jdoN dyS dy ie`k Bwg qoN dUsry Bwg q`k phuMcx iv`c keI mhIny l`g jWdy sn pr motrkwr qy ryl g`fIAW dy Awaux nwl siQqI iv`c hYrwnIjnk qbdIlI AweI Aqy hux hvweI AwvwjweI dy Awaux nwl kRWqI Xu`g dI SurUAwq hoeI hY[

  40. hvweI mwrg • ies AwvwjweI dI dUsrI ivSySqw hY ik ies nwl au~cy-nIvyN, phwVI, rygsqwnI, sMGxy bIV-jMglW vwly Aqy ivSwl smMudrW nMu AwswnI nwl pwr kIqw jw skdw hY[ • ijQy DrwqlI AwvwjweI rwhIN nhIN phuMicAw jw skdw auQy hvweI jhwz rwhI phuMcxw iblkul vI muSikl nhI hY[

  41. hvweI mwrg • sYinkW leI KwD pdwrQ Aqy hor swmwn kyvl hvweI rsqy rwhIN hI phuMcxw sMBv hY[ • iehnW sB qoN ibnW hvweI mwrgW rwhIN smyN dI bhuq bc`q huMdI hY[

  42. AiBAws

  43. pRSn-au~qr vsqUAW Aqy ivAkqIAW nUM iek sQwn qoN dUjy sQwn q`k lY ky jwx nUM kI kihMdy hn? AwvwjweI sMcwr Aglw svwl

  44. hvweI jhwj AwvwjweI dw swDn hY[ pRSn-au~qr glq shI Aglw svwl

  45. iesdw dw inrmwx AwswnI nwl kIqw jw skdw hY[ pRSn-au~qr ryl-mwrg sVk-mwrg Aglw svwl

  46. Bwrq ivc sB qoN pihlw ryl mwrg kdoN bixAw sI? pRSn-au~qr 1855 1853 Aglw svwl

  47. pRSn-au~qr Bwrq dI pihlI rylg`fI bMbeI (muMbeI) qoN ______ q`k clweI geI sI[ id`lI Qwxy Aglw svwl

  48. dyS dI sB qoN v`fI bMdrgwh ik`Qy hY? pRSn-au~qr kyrlw bMbeI Aglw svwl

  49. shI jvwb svwl qy c`lo

  50. glq jvwb svwl qy c`lo

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