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Negation

Negation. [It is] no very common occurrence It does not occur often How [it] improves their beauty of complexion I know not I don’t know how (if) it improves the beauty of their complexion. Windows we have none. We don’t have any windows.

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Negation

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  1. Negation • [It is] no very common occurrence • It does not occur often • How [it] improves their beauty of complexion I know not • I don’t know how (if) it improves the beauty of their complexion. • Windows we have none. • We don’t have any windows. In 18th Century, no use of the dummy auxiliary ‘do’ to form a negative.

  2. Syntax (word order) • Certain it is, they pity us… • It is certain that they pity us • The cold weather continues still • The cold weather still continues

  3. Pronouns • It just scorches one a little… • It scorches you a little Pronoun used here (‘one’) now appears archaic.

  4. Prepositions • …in the chambers at London • …in the chambers in London Choices of preposition sometimes seem strange to modern readers.

  5. Contractions • …while I am starving. • …while I’m starving. ‘I am’ here might sound stunted or overly formal to modern readers – we now have a greater acceptance of more conversational tones in written English.

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