Properties of Matter Review

1. Properties of Matter Review

2. What is Matter? 1.1 • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. • Volume is the amount of space an item takes up. No two items can occupy the same space at the same time. • Liquid volume is measured in a graduated cylinder and reading the measurement at the meniscus. Units used are mL and L

3. 1.1 Continued • Volume of a regularly shaped solid (book, kleenex box ect) is measured by L X W X H. The units used are cm3 or m3. • To measure volume of an irregularly shaped solid (marble, coin etc…) Place water in a graduated cylinder, measure the volume, place the item in the graduated cylinder with water, measure the new amount, the amount displaced is the volume of the solid. Do not forget to subtract your old amount from your new amount. Units used are mL or L since 1 cm3 = 1 mL.

4. 1.1 continued • Mass is the amount of matter in an object. A balance is used to measure mass and g or kg are the units used to express mass. • Weight is gravitational pull on an object. Review Figure 5 on page 7. • Inertia is the tendency for an object to start moving or stop once in motion. • The larger the mass the larger the inertia.

5. Physical Properties 1.2 • A physical property of matter can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity. Example: Color, texture, strength…. • Review figure 2 on page 11 for other examples. • Physical properties are used to help identify an object. • Physical properties are easy to observe. • Density is the amount of matter in a given space.

6. 1.2 continued • To find density measure the mass of the object, volume of the object and plug those numbers into the formula • D = M/V • Units used are g/cm3, g/mL, kg/m3

7. 1.2 continued • A physical change does NOT change the identity of an object. Freezing water into ice does NOT change the fact that it is water. • Adding lemonade mix to water does not change the fact that it is mix and water—can be reversed.

8. 1.3 Chemical properties • Chemical properties describe matter based on the ability to change into new matter. • 2 chemical properties are flammability and reactivity. • Chemical properties are not easy to observe since the chemical change must occur in order to see the property. • A candle wick will burn, but you can only observe it once it is burning.

9. 1.3 continued • Characteristic properties are the most useful because they are the same no matter how large or small the sample is. • Chemical changes happen when one or more substances combine to create a new substance with new properties. Baking a cake is a chemical change because you are taking all the ingredients, adding heat which causes reactivity and creates a whole new substance with a different composition (make up)

10. 1.3 continued • Signs of a chemical change include; heat being given off, odor, fizzing/foaming, and light or sound being given off. • Reversing a chemical change is much more difficult than reversing a physical change, some may NOT be reversed such as the cake baking.