Stockman’s Practice Info

1. Stockman’s Practice Info Feeds

2. Grains Energy Protein Corn Barley Wheat Oats Soybeans • Grains are HIGH in Phosphors & LOW in Calcium • Flaking, Cracking or Grinding a Grain increases digestibility. Animals gets more energy from the grain

3. Corn • Highest ENERGY Grain • Lowest Protein Grain (8%) • Used to “fatten” animals

4. Barley • Similar to Corn • 10% Protein • Used in place of corn as an ENERGY source. • 10% less energy than Corn

5. Wheat • 11% Protein • Used as an ENERGY source. • LOOKS like “little hot dog buns”

6. Oats • 11% Protein • Used as an ENERGY source. • Low Carbohydrate energy source • Long golden colored grains

7. Soybeans • 40% Protein • Used as PROTEIN source • High Fat level also adds energy • “Raw” beans can only be feed in limited amounts

8. Bone Growth, Development & Repair Body Functions Calcium = from Limestone Minerals Macro- required in larger amountsCannot get enough from diet, must be fed. Phosphorus = from Dical Electrolytes important in cell functions Lost through sweat must be replaced Sodium & Chlorine = Salt Potassium Muscle Contractions & Functions Magnesium = from minerals

9. Minerals Micro (Trace)-required in smaller amountsCannot get enough from diet, must be fed. Iron = Reproductive functions Immune Functions Red Blood Cells = Iron Zinc = Copper = Manganese = Muscle Functions Metabolic functions Selenium =

10. VitaminsFat Soluble - stored in body fatWater Soluble - cannot be stored in body Vita A = Eyesight & Eye Health Fat Soluble Vita D = Bone Growth & Repair - made when animal is exposed to sunlight Vita E = Immune System Functions Water Soluble Vita C B - Vitamins

11. Limestone“Calcium Carbonate” • MINERAL • 38% Calcium • ROCK that is mined • Used as a source of CALCIUM • Gray uneven shaped particles or gray dust.

12. Dicalcium Phosphate • MINERAL • 18.5% Calcium • 21% Phosphorus • ROCK that is mined • Used as a source of PHOSPHORUS & CALCIUM • Light gray round balls

13. Salt“Sodium Chloride” • MINERAL used as an electrolyte in the body. • Important for cell functions • White crystal structure

14. Trace Mineral Salt • White Salt + Minerals • Iron • Zinc • Copper • Manganese • Red Color = Iron • DO NOT feed to sheep unless no copper added

15. Soybean Meal • Crushed & pressed soybeans • oil is removed • A PROTEIN source (48%) • Light yellow - tan colored meal • Used in diets of all animals • High in (amino acid) - Lysine

16. Whole Cottonseed • “Fuzzy” seeds of the cotton plant • High in Protein & Fat • Adds ENERGY & PROTEIN to a diet • Used mainly in Dairy Feeds, but also some in beef • DO NOT FEED to bulls, will cause fertility problems

17. Broiler Litter • By-product of the poultry house • High in PROTEIN • High in COPPER ** DO NOT FEED TO SHEEP **

18. Forages Protein Fescue Corn Silage Orchardgrass Alfalfa • Forages Should Appear: • Green in color (NOT Yellow) • Leafy, fine stems (NOT STEMY, NO SEEDHEADS) • Free From Dust & Mold

19. Forage Nutrition Nutrient Value Low Quality High Quality Vegetative Pre-Bloom Full Bloom Seed Heads As a forage mature it’s nutrient value to the animal decreases

20. Orchardgrass

21. Corn Silage • Chopped Up Corn Plant • Put in Silo or Bag to ferment • Adds Energy & Fiber to a diet • High in Phosphorus • Low in Calcium

22. Alfalfa • High PROTEIN hay

23. Fescue • Has a TOXIN that causes performance problems • reduced weigh gains • elevated body temperature • foaling problems in horses

24. Timothy • Finger-like seed head

25. Forages Cool-Season = like to grow in cooler weather Orchardgrass, Bluegrass, Ryegrass, Timothy, Fescue Alfalfa, Clover Warm-Season = like to grow in warm weather - SUMMER Millet, Sorghum, Switchgrass, Bahiagrass, Bermudagrass, Gamagrassm Johnsongrass Soybeans

26. By-Products

27. Soyhulls • The outer “shell” of the soybean • Used as a FIBER source • Good energy value • Light tan flakes (may see the black “eye’ from the soybean grain

28. Wheat Bran “Midds” • The outer “shell” of the wheat • Used as a FIBER source • Good energy value • Light brown flakes

29. Cottonseed Hulls • The outer “shell” of the cottonseed • Used as a FIBER source • Used as a FILLER - little nutritional value • Dirty White & Black pieces • Looks “fuzzy”

30. Beet Pulp • Ground Up Sugar Beet • by-product of the sugar industry • Used as a FIBER source • Good energy value • Gray pieces

31. Ruminant - an animal with a 4 part stomachCattle, Sheep, Goats, Deer, etc…. Rumen Abomasum Reticulum Omasum

32. Ruminant • Rumen • 1st & Largest Compartment • Fermentation Pouch • Rumen “bugs” (bacteria & protozoa) breakdown fiber • Reticulum - “Honeycomb” • 2nd Compartment • Help rumen with digestion • Collects bad material (like metal)

33. Ruminant • Omasum - “Many Plies” • 3rd Compartment • Long finger like folds • Has a grinding action • Abomasum “True Stomach” • 4th & Last Compartment • Digestion like in our stomach

34. Feeding Requirements Who has the high nutrient requirements ? Young Animal Growing Animal Mature Animal Highest Protein & Energy Lowest Protein & Energy

35. Feeding Requirements Who has the high nutrient requirements ? Open Animal Pregnant Prior to Birth Nursing Lowest Protein & Energy Highest Protein & Energy

36. Sheep Feeding Facts Copper - NEVER(toxic for sheep) Sulfur - NEEDED for wool production