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An Introduction to Amateur Satellites Associated Radio Amateurs of Long Beach May 5, 2000

An Introduction to Amateur Satellites Associated Radio Amateurs of Long Beach May 5, 2000. AMSAT. Kostas Kitsios, KF6ECO Special Projects Chairman. AMSAT- North America. AMSAT. Presentation Outline. An Overview of the Amateur Satellite Program What is an Amateur Radio Satellite?

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An Introduction to Amateur Satellites Associated Radio Amateurs of Long Beach May 5, 2000

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  1. An Introduction to Amateur Satellites Associated Radio Amateurs of Long Beach May 5, 2000 AMSAT Kostas Kitsios, KF6ECO Special Projects Chairman AMSAT- North America

  2. AMSAT Presentation Outline • An Overview of the Amateur Satellite Program • What is an Amateur Radio Satellite? • Satellite Tracking • Sources of Information

  3. AMSAT Building Satellites ‘on the Cheap’ • AMSAT depends primarily on volunteers • Only one full time employee (office manager) • KISS Approach to satellite design - ’home brew’ • Parts donations from corporate sources • Systems built in garages/basements • Develop university relationships (Weber State)

  4. AMSAT International Scope • Affiliate organizations in other countries • Cooperation on individual projects • An organization defines basic spacecraft and interface requirements • Teams are formed from international ‘pools’ for various systems/subsystems

  5. AMSAT International Cooperation • Phase 3-D has components from 13 countries • Russia Propellant Tanks • Japan SCOPE Cameras • UK 2m Xmtr/Aux. Batteries • Finland 10 GHz Xmtr • Czech Republic Receivers • USA Space Frame/GPS/RUDAK • Germany 70 cm Xmtr/LEILA/Project Mgr. • Canada Radiation Testing • Belgium 146/435/2400 MHz Rcvr • Hungary Battery Charger Regulators • Slovenia 21 MHz/5.7 GHz Rcvr • France 1.2 GHz Ant./Test Support-SBS • New Zealand Machine Parts

  6. AMSAT P3D SPACECRAFT ESA Provided 1194V Adaptor Average Man OSCAR 13 Microsat P3D SBS Launch Structure

  7. AMSAT Launch Opportunities • Most Satellites Ride into Orbit as an Extra Passenger on a Government/Commercial Agency’s Booster • AMSAT has Developed Innovative Designs to make available ‘unusable’ space in launch vehicles • Example: 1990 launch of Microsats on Ariane IV • AMSAT will Trade Knowledge, Skill, and Manufacturing Capacity for a Reduction/Waiver of Launch Costs • Example: SBS for P3-D on Ariane V

  8. AMSAT Launch Opportunities • Take Advantage of Test Launches w/Inherent Uncertainties • Example: Ariane III and Ariane V • Launch Insurance NOT Normally Purchased • Cover Risk by duplicating components, such as Spaceframes

  9. AMSAT OSCAR Program Phases • Phase I: Low Earth Orbit, short lifetime, primarily beacon-oriented satellites • OSCARS I-III, Russian Iskra 1-2 • Phase II: Higher Orbits than Phase I (LEO), much longer lifetimes • Analog: OSCARS 6-8, • Digital: UO-9,11 • Phase III: Highly elliptical Molniya-type orbits offering higher access time, power and more diverse communication transponders • OSCARS 10, 13, and Phase 3-D

  10. AMSAT OSCAR Satellite Summary Satellite Launch Service Life OSCAR-I 12 DEC 61 22 Days OSCAR-II 2 JUN 62 19 Days OSCAR-III 9 MAR 65 18 Days for Transponder OSCAR-IV 21 DEC 65 85 Days OSCAR-5 23 JAN 70 52 Days OSCAR-6 15 OCT 72 4.5 Years OSCAR-7 15 NOV 74 6.6 Years OSCAR-8 5 MAR 78 5.3 Years UO-9 6 OCT 81 8 Years AO-10 16 JUN 83 In Service UO-11 2 MAR 84 In Service

  11. AMSAT OSCAR Satellite Summary Satellite Launch Service Life FO-12 12 AUG 86 5 NOV 89 AO-13 15 JUN 88 5 DEC 96 UO-14 22 JAN 90 In Service UO-15 22 JAN 90 23 JAN 90 AO-16 22 JAN 90 In Service DO-17 22 JAN 90 March 1998 WO-18 22 JAN 90 March 1998 LU-19 22 JAN 90 Semi-Operational FO-20 7 FEB 90 In Service AO-21/RS-14 29 JAN 91 3.6 Years UO-22 17 JUL 91 In Service KO-23 10 AUG 92 Semi-Operational

  12. AMSAT OSCAR Satellite Summary Satellite Launch Service Life KO-25 26 SEP 93 In Service IO-26 26 SEP 93 Semi-Operational AO-27 26 SEP 93 In Service PO-28 26 SEP 93 Commercial Service FO-29 17 AUG 96 In Service MO-30 5 SEP 96 Unable to activate TO-31 10 JUL 98 In Service GO-32 10 JUL 98 Undergoing Checkout SO-33 24 OCT 98 Unable to activate PO-34 30 OCT 98 Undergoing Checkout SO-35 23 FEB 99 Limited Service UO-36 21 APR 99 Limited Service

  13. AMSAT RS Satellite Summary Satellite Launch Service Life Iskra-2 19 AUG 82 9 JUL 82 Iskra-3 18 NOV 82 16 DEC 82 RS-9 Flight Cancelled RS-10/11 23 JUN 87 May 97 RS-12/13 5 FEB 91 In Service RS-14/AO-21 29 JAN 91 JUN 94 RS-15 26 DEC 94 In Service RS-16 4 MAR 97 25 OCT 99 RS-17 3 NOV 97 30 DEC 97 (France) RS-18 10 NOV 98 11 DEC 98 (France)

  14. AMSAT What is a Satellite? Like a Repeater • Retransmits what it “hears” • Has Optimized Receivers, Transmitters and Antennas • Great Location! • Enables Small Stations to Communicate Over Greater Distances

  15. AMSAT What is a Satellite? Unlike a Repeater • Has a Moving Footprint! • Location Changes/Availability Varies • Frequency Alteration due to Doppler Shift • Full Duplex • Uplink and Downlink on Different Bands Simultaneously • Multi-mode (CW/SSB/Digital) • “World Wide” Coverage

  16. AMSAT Satellites Utilize “Transponders” • Receives a SEGMENT of One Band • Retransmits EVERYTHING It Hears on Another Band • Inverting Transponders • Lowest Incoming Frequency is Retransmitted Over the Highest Outgoing Frequency • Inverts Signal (LSB to USB)

  17. AMSAT Satellite Systems • Attitude Control (RCS, Torquing Coils) • Central Computer (IHU) • Communications (Command Rcvr/Beacons/Ant) • Energy Supply (Batteries/Solar Panels/BCR) • Engineering Telemetry (Electronic Sensors/Encoders) • Environment Control (Mechanical Design, Heat Pipes) • Guidance and Control (Sun/Earth Sensors) • Mission-Unique Equipment (Transponders/GPS/CCD) • Propulsion (Kick Motor/Arc Jet) • Structure • Most of the Satellite Development Effort Does Not Involve Amateur Radio

  18. AMSAT Satellite Categories • EASY Birds • RS Satellites: RS-12/13, RS-15 (Russia) • Manned Satellites (MIR/SAREX/ISS) • Dual Use: FO-29 (Japan), AO-27 (FM), SO-35(FM) • Digital Satellites • Primarily “Store and Forward” Bulletin Boards • Other Payloads (Cameras, Sensors, GPS) • PSK Mode (AO-16, WO-18, LU-19) • 9600 DFM (UO-22, KO-23, KO-25) • 1200 AFSK (UO-11, DO-17 Downlink Only) • 38k4 and 78k6 DFM (TO-31, UO-36) • DX Satellites • AO-10 • Phase-3D

  19. Old Satellite Modes Mode A 2 m Up 10 m Down Mode K 15 m Up 10 m Down Mode KA 15+2 m Up 10 m Down Mode T 15 m Up 2 m Down Mode KT 15 m Up 2+10 m Down Mode B 70 cm Up 2 m Down Mode J 2 m Up 70 cm Down Mode JL 23 cm Up 2 m+70cm Down Mode L 23 cm Up 70 cm Down Mode S 70 cm Up 13 cm Down

  20. New Satellite Modes 15 m 21 MHz Mode H 10 m 29 MHz Mode T 2 m 145 MHz Mode V 70 cm 435 MHz Mode U 23 cm 1.2 GHz Mode L 13 cm 2.4 GHz Mode S 6 cm 5.7 GHz Mode C 3 cm 10.5 GHz Mode X 1.5 cm 24.0 GHz Mode K Old KA is new H,V/T Old J is new V/U

  21. P3D MATRIX PLAN UPLINK RUDAK & Telemetry Beacons 21.210 - 21.250 LEILA 24.920 - 24.960 LEILA 145.800 - 145.990 LEILA 435.300 - 435.800 LEILA Transponder- IF-MATRIX (10.7MHz, -15dBm) 1269.000 - 1268.500 LEILA 1268.075 - 1268.575 LEILA 2400.100 - 2400.600 LEILA 2446.200 - 2446.700 LEILA 5668.300 - 5668.800 LEILA (#2) 2400.225 - 2400.950 24048.025-24048.750 Command Receiver RUDAK Receiver 10451.025-10451.750 DOWNLINK (#1) 2400.225 - 2400.950 435.475 - 436.200 145.805 - 145.990

  22. Satellite Tracking • Satellites are Moving Transponders • Need to Predict When the Satellite Will be in View of Your Station • Antenna Pointing/Doppler Correction • Mutual Pass with Other Stations

  23. Orbital Parameters • Eccentricity-How Circular the Orbit? • Apogee: Point Farthest to Earth • Perigee: Point Closest to Earth • Inclination Relative to the Equator • Keplerian Elements “Describe” the Orbit

  24. Low Earth Orbit vs. Molniya Elliptical Orbit Perigee Apogee

  25. Keplerian Data • “Keps” are the Variables Which Describe a Satellite’s Orbit • Keps are Developed by NORAD/NASA • AMSAT Provides Reformatted Data • Keps are Distributed Worldwide • Packet Bulletin Boards • BBS (DRIG, NASA, AMSAT BBS’s) • Web Sites (www.amsat.org) • ARRL bulletins • Automatic e-mail receipt from keps@amsat.org • Publications (AMSAT Journal, OSR)

  26. Keplerian Data Satellite: AO-10 Catalog number: 14129 Epoch time: 99142.54434337 Element set: 573 Inclination: 27.0807 deg RA of node: 28.2553 deg Eccentricity: 0.6021262 Arg of perigee: 316.3948 deg Mean anomaly: 9.3938 deg Mean motion: 2.05867282 rev/day Decay rate: 2.18e-06 rev/day^2 Epoch rev: 11986 Checksum: 311 Satellite: AO-27 Catalog number: 22825 Epoch time: 99146.69638352 Element set: 726 Inclination: 98.4585 deg RA of node: 212.0142 deg Eccentricity: 0.0008568 Arg of perigee: 329.5264 deg Mean anomaly: 30.5410 deg Mean motion: 14.27891037 rev/day Decay rate: 1.48e-06 rev/day^2 Epoch rev: 29517 Checksum: 325 AO-10 1 14129U 83058B 99142.54434337 .00000218 00000-0 10000-3 0 5732 2 14129 27.0807 28.2553 6021262 316.3948 9.3938 2.05867282119868

  27. Tracking Software • A Tracking Program Can Utilize Keplerian Data to Compute the Position and Velocity of a Satellite for Any Given Time • Real Time Tracking to Determine the Satellite’s Current Position • Antenna aiming for azimuth and elevation • Doppler Shift Corrections Based Upon Relative Velocity of the Satellite to the Observer • Future Predictions of When a Ground Station will be in View of a Satellite

  28. Tracking Devices • Various Self-Contained ‘Black Boxes’ Provide Autonomous Tracking • Trakbox from TAPR • Sat Trak IV from Kiron (No Longer Produced) • These Devices Operate Independently of a PC • Controls Rotor Azimuth/Elevation • Adjusts Radio for Doppler Shift • Kansas City Tracker (Available from AMSAT) • A PC Card Interface • Works with Satellite Tracking Programs • Controls Rotor Az/El • Adjusts Radios for Doppler

  29. Sources of Information • Books • Periodicals • Email • Internet Sites • BBS Sites • AMSAT Area Coordinators

  30. General Information Books AMSAT How to Use Amateur Radio Satellites AMSAT Working the Easy Sats ARRL Handbook ARRL Radio Amateur’s Satellite Handbook ARRL Satellite Anthology

  31. Books for Specific Satellite Types Analog Satellites Operating Guide AMSAT-NA Digital Satellite Guide (Includes WISP Install/Setup Instructions) P3G to P3D Decoding Telemetry from Amateur Satellites AMSAT Mode S: The Book

  32. Periodicals • AMSAT Journal (Published Bimonthly/distributed to membership) • OSCAR Satellite Report (Harlan Technologies published bi-weekly) • Magazines with Satellite Columns: • QST • CQ Magazine • 73 Magazine • World Radio

  33. E-Mail Resources from AMSAT • AMSAT News Services (ANS) • KEPS (Keplerian Data) • AMSAT-BB • SAREX • E-Mail is Sent to Your Internet E-Mail Address • Subscribe by Sending Message to: majordomo@amsat.org

  34. World Wide Web Resources • http: //www.amsat.org/ • http: //www.arrl.org/ • http: //www.tapr.org/ • http: //www.grove.net/~tkelso/ • http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/EE/CSER/UOSAT

  35. BBS Sites • 18 Telephone Sites Nationwide • Satellite Information Available on AOL/CIS • Coverage of Weather, non-AMSAT Satellite Activities • May Require Pre-registration to Gain Access • List of Sites Available from AMSAT

  36. AMSAT Field Organization • Area Coordinators: AMSAT’s Ambassadors • 150+ Volunteers in USA and Canada • 100% Use E-Mail • Have Knowledge/Get Answers • Make Local Presentations/Hamfest Presence • Area Coordinator List Available

  37. How Do I Get Help? • Local Satellite Operators • AMSAT Nets (HF and VHF)-Listing Available • E-Mail (AMSAT-BB) • Visit the AMSAT Booth at Hamfests & Conventions • Contact an AMSAT Area Coordinator • Request a Club Satellite Presentation • Consider Joining AMSAT/ Receive the Journal

  38. AMSAT For More Information • AMSAT-North America • P.O. Box 27 • Washington, DC 20044-0027 • phone: (301) 589-6062 • e-mail: martha@amsat.org • AMSAT Area Coordinator • Duane Naugle, KO6BT • 4111 Nemaha Dr. • San Diego, CA 92117-4522 • phone: (858) 273-4088 • e-mail: ko6bt@amsat.org

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