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‘The European cluster landscape:

European Commission. Enterprise and Industry DG. ‘The European cluster landscape: Project and networks for clusters and small and medium-sized companies' Aachen, 19 October 2006. Astrid Severin European Commission DG Enterprise & Industry Innovation Policy Development.

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‘The European cluster landscape:

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  1. European Commission Enterprise and Industry DG ‘The European cluster landscape: Project and networks for clusters and small and medium-sized companies' Aachen, 19 October 2006 Astrid Severin European Commission DG Enterprise & Industry Innovation Policy Development

  2. Why European cluster projects networks? • Strong interest of Member States and regions (National reform programmes) • Strong interest at company level (Innobarometer Survey 2006) • Phenomenon of globalisation > company partnerships before launching into the global market • Closer cooperation of industry and research

  3. Why European cluster projects networks? • Common market > choosing dynamic, innovation-friendly locations! • Need for smart local innovation systems attracting: • Competent people • Entrepreneurs and innovative companies • Researchers and research institutions • Investors, …

  4. The role of the European Commission • Providing a European dimension to cluster activities > internationalisation • Commission Communication “Putting knwledge into practice: A broad-based innovation strategy for the EU” > importance of trans-national cluster cooperation • European cluster networks and projects > no subsidies for clusters

  5. Building blocks of European cluster activities • Europe INNOVA • Cluster mapping • Networking of clusters at sectoral level • PRO INNO Europe • Trans-national cooperation at policy level • Joint actions

  6. Why Cluster Mapping ? • level of regional specialisation • competitive strengths and weaknesses • statistical development of a given cluster • monitor the evolution of clusters in a region

  7. Methodology • Porter’s cluster methodology • Very few efforts in EU so far: UK, SE • Employment data • 41 NUTS-2 regions, 38 cluster categories • EUROSTAT data • except for EE, LA, SL, CY from National Institutes • 10 country visits (qualitative information)

  8. 41 Nuts-2 Regions and 38 cluster categories

  9. Cluster and cluster policy mapping Statistical findings Employment size(a star, if > 15.000 employees) Degree of dominance( a star, if > 7% cluster sector employment in a location) Degree of specialization(a star, if >75% more employment in a given sector) 21clusters • 137clusters • 365 clusters

  10. Cluster and cluster policy mapping ‘Star’ cut-off Apparel Oil & Gas Textiles Education and Knowledge Creation Fishing Products Tobacco Regional Cluster Portfolios: Lithuania Construction Materials Transportation and Logistics Food Processing Hospitality and Tourism Building Fixtures and Services Financial Services

  11. Cluster and cluster policy mapping

  12. Star-spangled nations Number of stars per average region by category

  13. Star-spangled nations: changes in star clusters

  14. Employment per cluster category, EU10

  15. Employment changes per cluster category, EU10

  16. Key observations: Regional dimension • Specialization profile of the EU-10 • Overrepresented natural resource-driven sector • Bias towards labour-intensive and manufacturing-driven cluster categories • Weak in advanced services and knowledge-intensive cluster categories • Specialization profile across regions of the EU-10 • Large differences across regions in terms of specialization • The absolute employment level in a region is one important driver • Strong indications that legacy, location, and specific business environment conditions, policies and institutions are important drivers as well • Changes in specialization profile • Clear evidence of tremendous structural change in terms of regions’ specialization • Initial conditions (total size, established position) do not guarantee success or predetermine failure • Specialization and economic performance • Clear evidence of the strengths of regional cluster portfolios being an important determinants of economic performance

  17. Key observations: The cluster dimension • Level of geographic concentration in the cluster sector • Significantly lower than in the U.S. but only slightly lower than in the EU-15 • Geographic concentration profile across cluster categories in the EU-10 • Large differences across cluster categories in geographic concentration • Changes in specialization profile • Clear evidence of tremendous structural change in terms of geographic distribution of activities within cluster categories

  18. Policy recommendations: Enhancing geographical specialisation • Europe needs to create better conditions for regional clusters to develop • Pursue further market integration in Europe • Mobilize European policies to facilitate structural change • Remove European policies that work against structural change

  19. Policy recommendations • Europe needs to create better conditions for regional cluster initiatives to increase the effectiveness of regional clusters: • Create a widely-available European cluster mapping database • Invest in metrics and data to measure the impact of cluster policies • Launch a European cluster initiative alliance to spread best practices • Provide a methodology tool box available for cluster initiatives • Support the creation of networks of regional clusters

  20. Cluster mapping: next steps • Cluster Mapping study in EU 15 + Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Norway, Switzerland, Iceland and Israel • Same methodology • European Cluster database for the first time end 2007 • Better idea for cluster policies at national, regional and sectoral level

  21. Europe INNOVA • Networking of clusters at sectoral level • Joint business strategies • Joint (research) projects • Workshops / training for cluster managers • Etc…

  22. The Europe INNOVA Structure

  23. Europe INNOVA cluster networks • Automotive: BELCAR, TCAS • Biotechnology: NETBIOCLUE • Eco-innovation: CENCE • Food: ABC-Network • ICT: OMNI-NET mCLUSTERS NICE • Optics: ENOC • Space: CASTLE • Textile: INNOTEX

  24. The Europe INNOVA Conference • Valencia, 26-28 Nov 2006 • Two awards: • ‘ClusterPreneur of the Year’ - the initiator and driving force behind the change to a more innovative and competitive cluster • ‘Cluster Manager of the Year’ - the professional coordinator and facilitator responsible for the implementation of joint actions in the cluster

  25. PRO INNO Europe • Trans-national cooperation at policy level • Launch joint regional calls • Implement joint programmes • Integrated efforts • Etc…

  26. PRO INNO Europe Cluster Alliance BSR InnoNet The Baltic Sea Region Innovation Network Coordinator.: Nordic Innovation Centre (NO) 12 Partners: Nordic Council of Ministers (DK) VINNOVA (SE) Ministry of Economic & Business Affairs – FORA (DK) TEKES (FI) Innovation Norway (NO) TBI Technologie-Beratungs-Institut GmbH (DE) Enterprise Estonia (EE) Estonian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Communications (EE) Latvian Investment and Development Agency Zachodniopomorska Agencja Rozwoju Regionalnego S.A. (PL) Viesoji istaiga Lietuvos inovaciju centras (LT) Icelandic Centre for Research (ICL) • CEE-ClusterNetwork • Cluster policy Networking and • exchange via the themes of • internationalisation and incubation • Coordinator: • Oberoesterreichische Technologie- und • Marketinggesellschaft m.b.H.TMG (AT) • 10 Partners: • Ecoplus (AT) • Innovations und Technologietr Salzburg (AT) • Tiroler Zukunftsstiftung (AT) • CAN-S-Tirol (IT) • Czechinvest - Investment and • Business Development Agency (CZ) • West Pannon Regional Devel. Agency (HU) • Mariborska razvojna agencija (SI) • BIC Bratislava spol. s r.o. (SK) • Industrial Development Agency (PL) • Autonome Provinz Bozen (IT) INNET Networking of national/regional funding and innovation organisations for the involvement of SMEs in technology-based innovation clusters in Europe. Coordinator: OSEO anvar (FR) 17 Partners: Region Ile-de-France (FR) Ville de Grenoble (FR) VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH(DE) ZAB ZukunftsAgentur Brandenburg GmbH (DE) TSB Technology Foundation Berlin (DE) City of Dresden (DE) Pera Innovation Ltd (UK) East Midlands Development Agency (UK) Sviluppo Italia Toscana (IT) Veneto Innovazione (IT) Centro para el Desarrollo Technologico Ind (ES) Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade, SME (ES) Asociacion Eurobulegoa Agencia Vasca (ES) IWT (B) Innovationsbron (SE) Hellenic Oerganisation of SMEs & Handicraft (GR) Polish Agency for Enterprise Development (PL) CLUNET Cluster policy Networking and exchange via the themes of internationalisation and incubation Coordinator: Northwest Development Agency (UK) 14 Partners: Ministry of Economic and Labour Affairs Hamburg (DE) Economic Development Dept. Karlsruhe (DE) ZAB ZukunftsAgentur Brandenburg GmbH (DE) Fundacion para el Conocimiento madri+d (ES) Instituto Technologico de Aragon (ES) Region Abruzzo (IT) Finanziaria Laziale di Sviluppo – FILAS (IT) Etruria Innovazionz ScPA (IT) Mediterranee Technologies (FR) Bretagne Innovation (FR) One NorthEast (UK) Municipality of Ljubjana (SI) South Great Plain Regional Devel. Agency (HU) Lahti Regional development Agency Ltd (FI) PRO INNO Cluster Memorandum Europe INNOVA Cluster Mapping Coordinator: Stockholm School of Economics - Centre for Strategy and Competitiveness (SE) Partners: The Cluster Competitiveness Group, S.A.Competitiveness (ES) Fondation Sophia Antipolis (FR) Oxford Research AS (NO) Cluster Advisory Group 20 Members representing national and regional governments and cluster experts

  27. Further information at: www.europe-innova.org

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