Presented by Johnson County Partnership for Water Quality

1. Stormwater Presented by Johnson County Partnership for Water Quality Press “Enter Key” to Advance Slides

2. This Stormwater presentation is made in cooperation with the following members of the Johnson County Partnership for Water Quality. • Johnson County • Town of Bargersville • Town of New Whiteland • Town of Whiteland • City of Franklin • City of Greenwood • Town of Edinburgh • Johnson County Solid Waste Management District • Johnson County Soil & Water Conservation District

3. The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above and below the surface of the Earth. Since the water cycle is truly a "cycle," there is no beginning or end. Water can change states among liquid, vapor, and ice at various places in the water cycle. Although the balance of water on Earth remains fairly constant over time, individual water molecules can come and go.

4. T Two percent is ice caps & glaciers. Only One percent is usable water on earth. Now do you see why the importance to protect our water supply – for us and all future generations. Only 3 percent is fresh water. Did you know that 97 percent of water on earth is salt water.

5. What is a Watershed? • A Watershed or drainage basin is an extent of land where water from rain and melting snow or ice drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river, lake, reservoir, wetland, sea or ocean. The watershed includes both the streams and rivers that convey the water as well as the land surfaces from which water drains into those channels, and is separated from adjacent basins by a drainage divide. • The watershed is like a funnel, collecting all the water within the area covered by the basin and channeling it into a waterway. Each drainage basin is separated topographically from adjacent basins by a geographical barrier such as ridges, hills, or mountains, which known as a water divide.

8. What is Stormwater? Stormwater is a term used to describe water that originates during precipitation events. It may also be used to apply to water that originates with snowmelt or runoff water from overwatering that enters the stormwater system. Stormwater that does not soak into the ground becomes surface runoff, which either flows directly into surface waterways or is channeled into storm sewers, ditches, culverts which eventually discharge to surface waters. Stormwater is of concern for two main issues: one related to the volume and timing of runoff water ( flood control and water supplies) and the other related to potential contaminants that the water is carrying, i.e. water pollution.

9. How is Stormwater Managed? Under significant rainfall conditions, stormwater is the cause of flooding, water pollution and erosion. For the safety of the public and for the protection of public and private property, stormwater must be properly managed. Stormwater management, provided by the Municipal Stormwater Utilities of Johnson County, is one of the most important responsibilities of municipal government. • The Stormwater Utility works diligently to: • Control flooding by installing, cleaning, and maintaining stormwater infrastructure such as curbs and gutters, street inlets, pipes, ditches, culverts, detention ponds, etc. • Regulate development by setting design standards, providing technical guidance, reviewing plans for development and redevelopment, inspecting construction sites, and enforcing regulations. • Prevent pollution by educating the public, implementing clean water programs, inspecting and monitoring runoff, complying with federal and state regulations, and enforcing water quality standards set by the Clean Water Act.

10. Unregulated urban industrial areas can contribute to heavy metal and toxic pollutants. • Controlling Runoff = Controlling Stormwater • The three types of runoff that contribute to controlling stormwater quality are: • Rural Runoff. • Urban Runoff • Suburban Runoff Did you know that sediment, fertilizers and other chemicals are a result of farming? Even with pervious soils. Can you believe you pollute at home with fertilizers, phosphates and even your litter too?

11. Rural – Suburban – Urban - Industrial

12. So Lets Talk About Urban Runoff! Urban runoff is surface runoff or rainwater created by urbanization. This runoff is a major source of water pollution in many parts of the United States and other urban communities worldwide. Impervious surfaces (roads, parking lots and sidewalks) are constructed during land development. During rain storms and other precipitation events, these surfaces (built from materials such as asphalt, cement, and concrete), along with rooftops, carry polluted stormwater to storm drains, instead of allowing the water to percolate through soil This causes lowering of the water table (because ground recharge is lessened) and flooding since the amount of water that remains on the surface is greater. Most municipal storm sewer systems discharge stormwater, untreated, to streams, rivers and bays.

13. Relationship Between Impervious Surfaces and Surface Runoff

14. Pollutants in Urban Runoff Water running off these impervious surfaces tends to pick up gasoline, motor oil, heavy metals, trash and other pollutants from roadways and parking lots, as well as fertilizers and pesticides from lawns. Roads and parking lots are major sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are created as combustion byproducts of gasoline and other fossil fuels, as well as of the heavy metals nickel, copper, zinc, cadmium and lead. Roof runoff contributes high levels of synthetic organic compounds and zinc (from galvanized gutters). Fertilizer use on residential lawns, parks and golf courses is a significant source of nitrates and phosphorus. As stormwater is channeled into storm drains and surface waters, the natural sediment load discharged to receiving waters decreases, but the water flow and velocity increases. In fact, the impervious cover in a typical city creates five times the runoff of a typical woodland of the same size.

15. Can you identify any residential pollution or polluters? Results are polluted, scoured and sediment/debris filled stream. Sediment Pollution. Fertilizer & lawn waste washed to storm drain. Debris collected in stormwater runoff. Uncollected Pet Waste. Oil spill directly to drain inlet.

16. What is a Stormwater Utility or MS4? Stormwater utilities are also referred to MS4’s or Municipal Separate Storm Sewer Systems. MS4’s are designated entities that utilize conveyances for rainwater such as road with drainage systems, municipal streets, curbs, gutters, ditches or storm drains. Municipalities may have MS4 utilities structured in different ways within their city’s operation, the responsibilities and compliance to federal and state regulations remain the same.

17. Guidance Documentation • The Federal Clean Water Act requires storm water discharges from certain types of urbanized areas to be permitted under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) program. • November 1990 – EPA began Phase I of its storm water program requiring states to develop regulatory programs to address pollution issues associated with storm water. • Today Storm Water Phase II has been established to reduce the impacts of storm water run-off from construction, industrial, municipal, governmental and institutional sources. • General Storm Water rules are found in 325 IAC 15 (Article 15). • August 2003 - 327 IAC 15-13 (Rule 13) established requirements for designated MS4’s entities to develop local Storm Water Quality Management Plans (SWQMP). • Johnson County entities have now created stormwater utilities or internal department structures to comply with Rule 13.

18. Minimum Control Measures • The SWQMP developed by the MS4 is required to address these Six (6) Minimum Control measures. • Public Education and Outreach • Public Participation and Involvement • Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination • Construction Site Runoff Control • Post-Construction Site Runoff Control • Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping

19. Public Education and Outreach MS4s are required to educate their community on the pollution potential of common activities, and increase awareness of the direct links between land activities, rainfall-runoff, storm drains, and their local water resources. Most importantly to give the public clear guidance on steps and specific actions that they can take to reduce their stormwater pollution-potential. It takes individual behavior change and proper practices to control such pollution. Therefore it is important to make the public sufficiently aware and concerned about the significance of their behavior for stormwater pollution, through information and education, that they change improper behaviors. surfaces.

20. These common individual behaviors have the potential to generate stormwater pollution: • Littering • Disposing of trash and recyclables • Disposing of pet-waste • Applying lawn-chemicals • Washing cars • Changing motor-oil on impervious driveways • Household behaviors like disposing leftover paint and household chemicals • Cold weather practices – deicing • Draining swimming pool and spa Informational brochures are provided to assist you in each of these area.

21. Public Participation/Involvement An MS4 cannot be as effective in reducing stormwater pollution without the participation, partnership, and efforts of other groups in the community working towards the same goal. Public involvement is to build on community capital—the wealth of interested citizens and groups—to help spread the message on preventing stormwater pollution, to undertake group activities that highlight storm drain pollution, and contribute volunteer community actions to restore and protect local water resources. Public involvement includes facilitating opportunities for direct action, educational, and volunteer programs such as riparian planting days, volunteer monitoring programs, storm drain marking, or stream-clean up programs. Groups such as watershed groups and conservation corps teams who want to participate in promoting environmental causes should be encouraged and offered opportunities to participate in the stormwater management program.

22. Public Participation/Involvement activities include: Take advantage of helping during Spring Clean-Up Day along Hurricane Creek and Young’s Creek. • Adopt-A-Stream Program • Stream Cleanup and Monitoring Volunteer Monitoring • Storm Drain Marking • Reforestation Programs • Wetland Planting • Soliciting Public Opinion • Attitude Surveys • Stakeholder Meetings • Watershed Organizations

23. Public Participation/Involvement activities include: • Adopt-A-Stream Program • Stream Cleanup and Monitoring Volunteer Monitoring • Storm Drain Marking • Reforestation Programs • Wetland Planting • Soliciting Public Opinion • Attitude Surveys • Stakeholder Meetings • Watershed Organizations Participation in a storm marking program is a great opportunity for youth groups, church groups, scouting groups or civic organizations to become involved in local water quality efforts.

24. We can always use your help in planting the right plants at the right time . Your help is key here too! Trees and plants are important to erosion control and reducing pollution by their water uptake. Check with your county soil and water conservation district of planting activities. Public Participation/Involvement activities include: • Adopt-A-Stream Program • Stream Cleanup and Monitoring Volunteer Monitoring • Storm Drain Marking • Reforestation Programs • Wetland Planting • Soliciting Public Opinion • Attitude Surveys • Stakeholder Meetings • Watershed Organizations

25. Public Participation/Involvement activities include: • Adopt-A-Stream Program • Stream Cleanup and Monitoring Volunteer Monitoring • Storm Drain Marking • Reforestation Programs • Wetland Planting • Soliciting Public Opinion • Attitude Surveys • Stakeholder Meetings • Watershed Organizations

26. Illicit discharge Detection and Elimination • Illicit discharges are any discharge into a storm drain system this is not composed entirely of stormwater. Exceptions include water from fire fighting activities and discharges from facilities already under an NPDES permit. Illicit discharges are a problem because, unlike wastewater, stormwater usually flows to waterways without any additional treatment. Illicit discharges often include pathogens, nutrients, surfactants, and various toxic pollutants. • An effective illicit discharge program is both reactive and proactive. It is reactive in addressing spills and other illicit discharges that are found. It is proactive in preventing and eliminating illicit discharges through education, training and enforcement.

27. Illicit discharge Detection and Elimination Ms4’s are required to have and maintain mapping records of all stormwater conveyances in their respective jurisdictions: including inlets, swales, curbs and outflows, etc. Current mapping is critical to water quality and important to increased runoff control during peak flooding events. • MS4s are required to develop a program to detect and eliminate these illicit discharges. This primarily includes developing: • a storm sewer system map, • an ordinance prohibiting illicit discharges, • a plan to detect and address these illicit discharges, and • an education program on the hazards associated with illicit discharges.

28. Illicit discharge Detection and Elimination Wash water from a commercial car wash discharging down a storm drain is an example of an illicit discharge. • MS4s are required to develop a program to detect and eliminate these illicit discharges. This primarily includes developing: • a storm sewer system map, • an ordinance prohibiting illicit discharges, • a plan to detect and address these illicit discharges, and • an education program on the hazards associated with illicit discharges. Illicit discharges are prevalent in urban areas, especially in industrial and commercial areas, such as this incident where mop water was dumped in a parking lot behind a motel.

29. Illicit discharge Detection and Elimination • MS4s are required to develop a program to detect and eliminate these illicit discharges. This primarily includes developing: • a storm sewer system map, • an ordinance prohibiting illicit discharges, • a plan to detect and address these illicit discharges, and • an education program on the hazards associated with illicit discharges. Enforce city ordinances to stop illegal dumping along roads and into waterways. Used oil should be disposed of at a waste collection site, where it is collected and recycled. Not in storm drains or on the ground!

30. Illicit discharge Detection and Elimination • MS4s are required to develop a program to detect and eliminate these illicit discharges. This primarily includes developing: • a storm sewer system map, • an ordinance prohibiting illicit discharges, • a plan to detect and address these illicit discharges, and • an education program on the hazards associated with illicit discharges. Failing septic systems can cause significant water quality problems. Many marina provide pump out stations for safe disposal of bilge. But don’t forget about proper dumping of camper waste too. Report Pollution – Call your MS4 immediately!

31. Illicit discharge Detection and Elimination Why is education so important? Well, out of sight, out of mind, is the attitude most of us have when it comes to flushing a toilet, popping a drain, dumping dirty water in the grass, or hosing down the drive. Until you realize the importance to preventing your share of pollution, you won’t work to change your behavior. • MS4s are required to develop a program to detect and eliminate these illicit discharges. This primarily includes developing: • a storm sewer system map, • an ordinance prohibiting illicit discharges, • a plan to detect and address these illicit discharges, and • an education program on the hazards associated with illicit discharges. Don’t stop there, help by telling others what you know.

32. Construction Site Runoff Control • While natural erosion produces nearly 30% of the total sediment in the United States, accelerated erosion from human use of land accounts for the remaining 70%. It causes $16 billion in environmental damage annually. • The most concentrated sediment released comes from construction activities including relatively minor home-building projects such as room additions and swimming pools. • Sediment in waterbodies from construction sites can reduce the amount of sunlight reaching aquatic plants, clog fish gills, smother aquatic habitat and spawning areas and impede navigation.

33. MS4’s are required to develop programs to reduce pollutants in construction site runoff. Those programs include: • Establishing and enforcing ordinances and building codes • Implementing erosion and sediment BMP standards • Set requirement to control other construction site waste • Procedural review construction site plans; including site pollution prevention plan • Review information submitted by the public • Inspect and enforcement stormwater requirements at construction sites • BMP’s or Best Management Practices • BMP’s are common sense methods for controlling, preventing, reducing or removing pollutants in storm water runoff. • BMP’s can be in the form of structural controls as well as non-structural programs. • Structural BMP controls include storm water retention basins, storm inlet filters, vegetated filter strips, and porous pavement. • Non –structural BMP programs include animal waste collection programs, litter pick-up days, storm drain stenciling programs and incentive zoning.

34. Construction Sequencing = Runoff Control Construction sequencing is a specified work schedule to coordinate timing of land-disturbing activities, installation of erosion and sediment control measures. The goal is to reduce on-site erosion and off-site sedimentation by performing land-disturbing activities and installing erosion and sediment control practices in accordance to a planned schedule. Construction site phasing involves disturbing only part of a site at a time to prevent erosion from dormant parts. Grading activities and construction are completed and soils are effectively stabilized on one part of the site before grading and construction begins on another part. It differs from the traditional practice of construction site sequencing, in which site-disturbing activities are performed initially for all or a large section of the site, leaving portions of the disturbed site vulnerable to erosion. To be effective, construction site phasing needs to be incorporated into the overall site plan early on.

35. Erosion Control & Sediment Control Site stabilization doesn’t just begin or stop during the construction phase, it is ongoing. Erosion control can take many forms and must be maintained and kept current to conditions at the site in related to construction activity as well as weather patterns or seasonal trends. Some controls measures include: Silt fence Check dams Sediment traps Filter rolls or berms Mulching, seeding & sodding These are only a few, but there are a vast number of these BMP’s implemented by the construction industry. In most instances, several BMP’s are utilized in coordination together to provide construction site control.

36. Concrete trucks are now required to only wash out in designated containment areas. Not in streets or directly on the ground. Site Inspection – What We Look For? During the initial permitting process, the permitee must include a stormwater pollution plan for the site for review. When permits are issued, the permitee becomes responsible for runoff BMP placement, inspections and reporting of all stormwater controls at the construction site. MS4’s make routine inspection visits during all phases of construction and up to completion to monitor runoff BMP conditions. Although the permitee, or their general contractor provide onsite day to day monitoring, an MS4 is to verify ordinance and code compliance. Critical areas include: Damage silt fence Street tracking Concrete wash out areas Onsite storage containment – fuel and/or cuttings Unvegetated areas – prolong periods Improperly installed BMP Illicit discharges Improperly installed silt fence resulting in illicit discharge to storm drain. Improper construction entrance, and no BMP protection. Guess where the sediment is going!

37. Post-construction Site Runoff Control Development alters landscape by increasing imperviousness (i.e. roofs, driveways, parking lots) and changing drainage patterns that increase runoff. That leads to degradation of waterbodies; increasing the occurrence of flooding. New impervious areas will lead to a variety of pollutants detrimental to water quality, like sediment, nutrients, road salts, heavy metals, pathogenic bacteria, and petroleum hydrocarbons. MS4 municipalities now require property owners and operators to include a combination of structural and non-structural BMPs and ensure adequate long-term operation and maintenance of BMPs. Often times this is referred to going green to minimize water quality impacts form the site after construction is complete. Some used today are: Eliminating Curbs and Gutters Riparian/Forested Buffer Stormwater Wetlands Green Parking Bioretention Areas, or Rain Gardens Bioretention area in a residential subdivision. Eliminate neighborhood curbs and gutter to promote infiltration of stormwater on vegetated areas such as grass-lined channel. Infiltration basins are designed to collect stormwater from impervious areas and provide pollutant removal benefits through detention and filtration.

38. Preserving Natural Vegetation The principal advantage of preserving natural vegetation is protecting desirable trees, vines, bushes, and grasses from damage during project development. Vegetation provides erosion control, stormwater detention, biofiltration, and aesthetic values to a site during and after construction activities. Other benefits of preserving natural areas are because natural vegetation

39. Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping Not only how we store it, but how we contain it. Municipalities conduct numerous activities that can pose a threat to water quality if practices and procedures are not in place to prevent pollutant runoff. These activities include: Winter road maintenance Road repairs and infrastructure work Automobile fleet maintenance Landscaping and park maintenance Building maintenance Hazardous materials storage Street sweeping Storm drain system cleaning Trash collection and recycling MS4s are required to train staff on ways to protect stormwater, particularly when maintaining the infrastructure and performing daily municipal activities. Storm drain mapping and maintenance is a crucial element of the city’s MS4. Containment of hazardous material monitored in all city departments. Street sweeping reporting provides route information on frequency and collection volume. Just like a citizen, a municipality just can’t wash equipment anywhere or how it wishes. MS4’s how at a higher standard.

40. Stormwater Utilities – “Where Will the Funds Come From?” Stormwater utilities are different from other utilities. Customers using power and water are willing to pay to receive these services on demand. On the other hand, stormwater ratepayers are being asked to pay to prevent things they don’t want, such as water pollution and flooding. Municipalities enact two ordinances to create a stormwater utility: one to establish the components of the utility, and a separate one to set the rate structure. You cannot exempt anyone from paying the stormwater utility fee – not even non-profit or governmental organizations. In some instances, specific credits may be allowed by a municipality if approved in a stormwater rate ordinance. Contact your local Storm Water Utility regarding questions on your local stormwater ordinance or rate.

41. One important point – If stormwater rates are not collected by municipalities to address stormwater issues, expenditures are generally funded out of their General Fund. Other forms of funding such as grants, bonds, drainage fees and environmental fees can be considered. But all require approval by the municipality and must remain compliance to it utility and rate ordinance.

42. City of Franklin – Stormwater Rate • Stormwater rates were adopted by the Franklin City Council on December 2, 2009 to fund and operate a Stormwater Utility as compliance to the city meeting EPA and state IDEM regulations. The primary focus of the utility will be to help improve water quality and stormwater runoff by preventing pollutants from entering our waterways, and finding ways to prevent flooding events such as the one that hit Franklin in 2008. Residential Users: Single Family $5.00 Apartments & Mobile Homes $2.50 Non-residential Users: Less than 40,000 sq. ft. of land $5.00 Greater than 40,000 sq. ft. of land $15.00

43. Projected Project – Rain Garden

45. Projected Project – Rain Garden

47. Projected Project – Water Way Maintenance

48. Projected Project – Storm Sewer & Ditch Maintenance

49. Citizen’s Role • Citizen involvement has been and will continue to be a vital component of IDEM’s overall plan to protect Indiana’s environment and the health of Hoosiers. • MS4 programs are required to incorporate public participation. • Citizens are encouraged to contact the local MS4 in their community and become involved in the local MS4 program.

50. What’s at Stake? Sometime in the not to distant future, clean water will be to us what oil is today. Can we not afford to have it?