Period 2 : 600 B.C.E.- 600 C.E.

1. Period 2 : 600 B.C.E.- 600 C.E. By: Maggie Biddle, Mary-Riley Clayton, and Xander Jenkins

2. Geographical Snapshots S:Noble administration required educated bureaucrats -tax collectors, record keepers, translators -craftsmen, merchants, peasants -women made textiles -slaves P:Centralizedgovernment with local administration. The Achaemenid Empire appointed governors to over see affairs in the various regions. R:Zoroastrianism emerged from the teachings of Zarathustra -good conquers evil after a conflict -”Good words, Good thoughts, Good deeds” -The source of all good and evil, Angra Mazda, was in constant conflict with Angra Mainyu, the source of all evil -After 12,000 years Mazda would win I:Expansion of Empire required educated bureaucrats. Translators were needed to help with diverse languages in the empire. T: Development of roads, canals, and postal stations. E:Agriculture was the foundation of Persian economy. -Middle East-

3. Geographical Snapshots S: Members of the elite controlled the state bureaucracy, tax collection, and commerce -they had separate residence compounds built for aristocratic families P: Ruled by alliances formed among elite families or by weak kings who were the puppets of these powerful families -this civilization achieved regional preeminence without subordinating its political life to the personality of a powerful individual ruler or lineage -had a powerful military but not an imperial state controlled by a military elite R:Religious architecture rose above a city center aligned with nearby sacred mountains and reflecting the movement of the stars -pyramids dedicated to the sun and moon -the people recognized and worshipped many gods and lesser spirits ~Sun, the Moon, a Storm God, and Quetzacoatl (feathered serpent) were among the Gods -Quetzacoatl was a culture god believed to be the originator of agriculture and the arts I:Teotihuacans used a lot of art. -They drew palace murals, and used murals to show important things that happened in time ~For example, Pictorial evidence from murals shows that the city’s final decades, leading to it’s fall around 650 C.E., were violent. T:The elite of Teotihuacan used the city’s growing labor resources to bring marginal lands into production -Chinampas= “floating gardens” were narrow artificial islands constructed by heaping lake muck and waste material on beds of reeds that were anchored to the shore by trees -pottery -obsidian tools -weapons E: It is said that the Teotihuacan participated in long distance trade. -South America-

4. Change Over Time Chart-China - Beginning of Period: In order to boost agriculture, the Qin state encouraged peasant farmers to migrate to sparsely populated states where they were granted with private plots. End of Period:Differences between rich and poor became very prominent. Changes and Continuities occurred because Han Wudi (Liu Che) raised taxes and took land and personal propertyfrom the Chinese people. (Emperor Han Wudi (140-87 B.C.), called Liu Che, was the fifth emperor of the Western Han Dynasty. He came to the throne at 16 and was in power for 54 years.)

5. Period 2 Comparative Chart and Analysis

6. Period 2 : 600 B.C.E.- 600 C.E. By: Maggie Biddle, Mary-Riley Clayton, and Alexander Jenkins