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Lessons from the NEA

NERC Interdisciplinary Network for Valuing Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services & Natural Resource Use. Lessons from the NEA. Andrew Church, University of Brighton, Coordinating Lead Author Cultural Services NEA. VNN Conceptual Framework. Drivers of Change Policy & management

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Lessons from the NEA

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  1. NERC Interdisciplinary Network for Valuing Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services & Natural Resource Use Lessons from the NEA Andrew Church, University of Brighton, Coordinating Lead Author Cultural Services NEA

  2. VNN Conceptual Framework • Drivers of Change • Policy & management • Socio-economic • Environmental Natural Resources Air, land, water, biodiversity Ecosystem Services (Supporting, Regulating, Provisioning, Cultural) Goods for people Collective shared wellbeing values Individual wellbeing values Governance Global, EU, State, Private sector and other actors VALUATION Scale, place and time sensitive Non-monetary assessments (quantitative & qualitative) Monetary valuation of market & non-market goods Shared social values (/) Economic (£) Health (+/-) Decisions

  3. Health in NEA • Cultural services – Contributingauthors on Health Goods Jules Pretty, University of Essex and William Bird, Intelligent Health. • Health Values from Ecosystem Services - Coordinating Lead Author: Jules Pretty – Team from University of Essex and LSE • Economic Valuation of cultural services - Susana Mourato and others at LSE • Shared values for the contributions ecosystem services make to human wellbeing: Robert Fish, University of Exeter, Jacquie Burgess, University of East Anglia , Andrew Church, University of Brighton and Kerry Turner, University of East Anglia.

  4. NEA Defining ‘so-called’ cultural services – an on-going debate • Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Cultural Services defined as ‘Non-material benefits derived from ecosystems’ - Different countries and systems of knowledge • Cultural identity • Heritage values • Spiritual services • Inspiration • Aesthetic appreciation • Recreation and tourism

  5. NEA Defining ‘so-called’ cultural services - an on-going debate • NEA – Two cultural services Wild species - discussed under biodiversity Environmental settings - Domestic gardens to national landscapes • Environmental settings - Distinct from ecosystems and habitats, spatially defined, a role in the satisfaction of human needs and consequent well being • Five linked cultural goods contributing to well being – health, tourism and recreation, heritage, education and ecological knowledge, religious and spiritual • Major knowledge gaps – the contribution of ecosystem services to health and other goods and inequalities related to goods

  6. VNN Conceptual Framework • Drivers of Change • Policy & management • Socio-economic • Environmental Natural Resources Air, land, water, biodiversity Ecosystem Services (Supporting, Regulating, Provisioning, Cultural) Goods for people Collective shared wellbeing values Individual wellbeing values Governance Global, EU, State, Private sector and other actors VALUATION Scale, place and time sensitive Non-monetary assessments (quantitative & qualitative) Monetary valuation of market & non-market goods Shared social values (/) Economic (£) Health (+/-)

  7. Direct positive effects (improvements in mental and physical health,physical activity) +ve Indirect positive effects (facilitating activity, social engagement and behaviour change) Mental and physical health Ecosystems and habitats +ve +ve Reduction of threats (e.g.from vectors, pollutants, noise (by purification and interception) -ve Direct threats (e.g. from infectious agents, animals, pollutants, extremes of temperature and UV, accidents, poisonous plants, pollen) NEA Health Values – Health benefits and threat from ecosystems (Pretty et al. 2011)

  8. NEA Health Values – Existing evidenceThe health and well-being benefits of contact with nature (Pretty et al. 2011)

  9. NEA economic value of health goods linked to environmental settings Mouratoet al. 2011 – New primary data and using existing measures • A geographically referenced quota survey of 1,851 respondents on interactions between environmental settings and health. • OLS regression statistically significant relations between self reported health measures of physical functioning/emotional well being and the use of the environmental settings of domestic gardens and local green spaces.

  10. NEA economic value of health goods linked to environmental settings Mouratoet al. 2011 – Scenario valuation with existing data • Valuation of a 1 percentage point reduction in sedentary behaviour in the UK would have upon the economic burden of three physical diseases and the one mental health condition • CHD, colo-rectal cancer, stroke, depression . • Valuing mortality - Value of a preventable fatality (VPF) • Valuing morbidity - the willingness to pay to avoid particular health outcomes using existing measures • Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) – difficulties over consensus about what the monetary value of a QALY is and how to calculate it

  11. NEA economic value of health goods linked to environmental settings Mouratoet al. 2011 - Scenario valuation with existing data • A change in natural habitats that causes a 1 percentage point reduction in sedentary behaviour - total benefit of almost £2 billion (using WTP-based values), across the three physical conditions and the mental health condition considered • Value of health goods linked to some environmental setting likely to be high

  12. NEA economic value of health goods linked to environmental settings Further research and knowledge gaps • Longitudinal studies - the social and physiological processes involved in acquiring mental and physical health benefits from engagement with environmental settings and nature • Understand causality between health and greenspace but is likely to be bi-directional • Examine exercise habits and what proportion is a direct consequence of the provision of green spaces – created exercise • Uncertainty of physical health benefits of outdoor exercise relative to indoor exercise

  13. An integrated ecosystem services approach Actors, responses and an enabling environment Individuals Businesses Research institutions Government Land managers Local governments NGOs

  14. Valuation – Local health, environmental management and planning • Local Development Frameworks, green infrastructure , sustainability appraisal • Planning Procedures: • Environmental Impact Assessments • Strategic Environmental Assessments • Health Impact Assessments

  15. NERC Interdisciplinary Network for Valuing Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services & Natural Resource Use Lessons from the NEA • Defining cultural services • Understandinglinks between health and ecosystem services • Assessing the significance of shared values • Tackling the knowledge gaps • Taking account of interactions between health, ecosystem services and planning governance at different scales

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