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Islam

Islam. Islam today. Roughly 1.6 billion Muslims Around 85% Sunni 2.1 billion Christians 900 million Hindus 375 million Buddhists 14 million Jews Fastest growing religion in many regions Multicultural Largest Islamic population: Indonesia Followed by Pakistan, Bangladesh, India

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Islam

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  1. Islam

  2. Islam today • Roughly 1.6 billion Muslims • Around 85% Sunni • 2.1 billion Christians • 900 million Hindus • 375 million Buddhists • 14 million Jews • Fastest growing religion in many regions • Multicultural • Largest Islamic population: Indonesia • Followed by Pakistan, Bangladesh, India • Less than 15% of Muslims are Arab

  3. Sunni and Shi’a • Concerns beliefs about family of Muhammad (Hussain, 43) • Issue: Who would succeed Muhammad? • One group (Sunni) chose an elder; another (Shi’a) chose Muhammad’s son-in-law Ali • Leadership • Sunnis have caliphs: spiritual leaders, chosen by people (ummah) • Shi’a have imams: political and spiritual leaders, chosen by heredity • Geography • Sunni: 85% of Muslims in world • Shi’a: Iran, now in power in Iraq • Doctrine • Shi’a hold belief in imamat as one of the 5 Pillars

  4. Origins • Context: Arabia: polytheistic, tribal • Muhammad (570-632 CE) • Qu’ran records revelations to Muhammad • Revelations begin in 610 • Qur’an written by 650 • Other stories of his sayings and actions (Sunnah) recorded as Hadith • Unified Arabs and started missions out of Medina and Mecca (622-632)

  5. Five Pillars • Belief and witness • Daily prayer (5x) • Tithe (Zakat) • Must give 2.5% of wealth to needy • Shi’a give 20% of disposable income (half to clergy, half to needy) • Fasting • Pilgrimage (Hajj)

  6. Beliefs • Unity of God • Major sins: idolatry, ungratefulness • Unity of humanity • Mediators • Revelation, Qur’an • Angels • Prophets and Messengers • Justice • Now (society, shari’ah) • Afterlife (reward or punishment for deeds)

  7. Mosque, International Medical Center, Saudi Arabia

  8. Hagia Sophia, Istanbul (former Orthodox church, now a museum)

  9. Hagia Sophia

  10. Page of an illuminated Qur’an

  11. Example of a contemporary Christian illuminated Bible: Page of Genesis 28-29 St. John’s Bible (21st century)

  12. Jihad • “Striving” • “Sixth pillar” • Types • Greater: spiritual struggle • Within oneself or for justice • Many regard as the dominant type • Lesser: physical struggle

  13. Mysticism • All religions have forms of mysticism • Resist legalistic, overly defined or dogmatic forms of religion • Use poetry and experience to move beyond ordinary language and definition • Goal: union with the divine (immediate experience) • Uses bodily experience, meditation, finding God in creation

  14. Sufism • Ascetic • Focus on experience and unity of God • leads some Sufis to accept ideas of other religions • Dance, music, poetry, meditation are modes of divine experience

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