1 / 17

Atoms & Molecules

Atoms & Molecules. What is an Atom?. Atom : Smallest unit of all matter 3 Main Parts: 1) Proton (+) 2) Neutron (0) 3) Electron (-) Protons & Electrons usually equal in number Elements (substance made of only 1 type of atom) are identified on the Periodic Table.

mercedes-holman
Download Presentation

Atoms & Molecules

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Atoms & Molecules

  2. What is an Atom? • Atom: Smallest unit of all matter • 3 Main Parts: • 1) Proton (+) • 2) Neutron (0) • 3) Electron (-) • Protons & Electrons usually equal in number • Elements (substance made of only 1 type of atom) are identified on the Periodic Table

  3. Atomic Number: Number of protons the atom contains Usually # of electrons also Atomic Mass: Combined # of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus Electrons too small to affect mass Reading the Periodic Table

  4. Atomic Number: Number of protons the atom contains Usually # of electrons also Atomic Mass: Combined # of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus Electrons too small to affect mass How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does Carbon contain? Protons = ______ Electrons = ______ Neutrons = ______ Reading the Periodic Table 6

  5. Atomic Number: Number of protons the atom contains Usually # of electrons also Atomic Mass: Combined # of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus Electrons too small to affect mass How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does Carbon contain? Protons = ______ Electrons = ______ Neutrons = ______ Reading the Periodic Table 6 6

  6. Atomic Number: Number of protons the atom contains Usually # of electrons also Atomic Mass: Combined # of protons and neutrons inside the nucleus Electrons too small to affect mass How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does Carbon contain? Protons = ______ Electrons = ______ Neutrons = ______ Reading the Periodic Table Protons + Neutrons = 12 6 + Neutrons = 12 6 6 6

  7. What’s the: Atomic number = amount of protons Atomic number = amount of protons Atomic number = protons usually same as electrons Atomic mass = amount of protons + neutrons Atomic mass = amount of protons + neutrons 4 • Atomic number of Beryllium? B) Atomic mass of Beryllium? C) How many protons? D) How many electrons? E) How many neutrons? 9 4 4 5

  8. Electron Cloud • Electrons orbit the nucleus in “energy levels” 1st level: • closest to nucleus • stable w/ 2 electrons

  9. Electron Cloud 7 1 6 8 • Electrons orbit the nucleus in “energy levels” 1st level: • closest to nucleus • stable w/ 2 electrons 2nd level: • stable w/ 8 electrons 5 1 4 2 2 3

  10. Electron Cloud • Electrons orbit the nucleus in “energy levels” 1st level: • closest to nucleus • stable w/ 2 electrons 2nd level: • stable w/ 8 electrons Examine Carbon. It has 2 electrons in the first level and 4 electrons in the 2nd level. Is Carbon stable?

  11. Electron Cloud 7 7 6 8 • Electrons orbit the nucleus in “energy levels” 1st level: • closest to nucleus • stable w/ 2 electrons 2nd level: • stable w/ 8 electrons 3rd level: • stable w/ 8 electrons • Atoms are stable when the outermost level is “full” 1 8 6 1 5 1 5 2 4 2 4 2 3 3

  12. Molecules 8 protons 8 electrons • Molecule: 2 or more atoms held together by a covalent bond • Form when atoms are unstable • Covalent Bond: Chemical bond where atoms share electrons • Ex: Oxygen (O2) • Why unstable? Only 6 electrons in outer energy level 6 1 1 5 2 4 2 3

  13. Molecules • Molecule: 2 or more atoms held together by a covalent bond • Form when atoms are unstable • Covalent Bond: Chemical bond where atoms share electrons • Ex: Oxygen (O2) • Why unstable? Only 6 electrons in outer energy level • What happens? Oxygen atom will share two electrons with neighboring oxygen atom • End result? Both end with 8 electrons in outer level (stable)

  14. Ionic Bonds • Defined: chemical bond where electrons are gained/lost • Creates Ions (atoms with + or – charge) • Held together by magnetic attraction • Cause: 1 atom steals an electron(s) from another atom • Ex: Sodium + Chlorine = Sodium Chloride sodium chlorine

  15. Ionic Bonds e e e e e e Stable Unstable Unstable Stable e e e e e e e sodium e e e e e e chlorine e e e e e e e e e Before bonding After bonding 11+ 17+ 10- 11- 17- 18- +1 -1 0 0

  16. Ionic Bonds e e e e e e Stable Unstable Unstable Stable e e e e e e e sodium e e e e e e chlorine e e e e e e e e e After bonding Before bonding 11+ 11+ 17+ 17+ 10- 18- 11- 17- +1 -1 0 0

  17. Review • Name the 3 subatomic particles. • Which subatomic particles are found inside the nucleus? • The atomic number usually allows us to determine the amount of which two subatomic particles? • If an atom has the atomic mass of 14 and the atomic number of 6, how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does the atom contain? • After an ionic bond is formed, what is the charge of the atom that gained an electron? • Which type of chemical bond shares electrons?

More Related