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A New Era: The TWENTIES

HIST 202 - HESEN. A New Era: The TWENTIES. “The War to End All Wars”. WWI ends November 11, 1918 Wilson’s Plans for Peace: Fourteen Points League of Nations Irreconcilables Reservationists. Wilson’s Plans for Peace. Treaty of Versailles Big Four U.S. (Wilson)

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A New Era: The TWENTIES

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  1. HIST 202 - HESEN A New Era: The TWENTIES

  2. “The War to End All Wars” • WWI ends November 11, 1918 • Wilson’s Plans for Peace: • Fourteen Points • League of Nations • Irreconcilables • Reservationists

  3. Wilson’s Plans for Peace • Treaty of Versailles • Big Four • U.S. (Wilson) • Great Britain (David Lloyd George) • France (Georges Clemenceau) • Italy (Vittorio Orlando) • NO RUSSIA!!!!

  4. Postwar Problems • Postwar • Red Scare • A. Mitchell Palmer • “Palmer Raids” • Strikes of 1919 • Boston Police Strike (MA) • Calvin Coolidge • Tulsa Race Riot (1921) • Dick Rowland

  5. Return to Normalcy • Republican Control • Wilson dies • Republicans rule the 1920s • Warren G. Harding • “Normalcy” • Calvin Coolidge • Herbert Hoover • Focus is on business – “The business of American is business”

  6. Warren G. Harding • Won Election of 1920 • Former newspaper editor from Ohio • Practiced patronage • “Ohio Gang” • Teapot Dome Scandal • Pardoned Eugene V. Debs

  7. Domestic Policies • Reduction of income tax • Established Bureau of the Budget • Centralized federal budget • Increase in tariff rates • Fordney-McCumber Tariff (1922)

  8. Harding’s Death • Harding administration was fraught with scandal • He was at the center of the problems • White House – promiscuity • Died unexpectedly in August 1923

  9. Calvin Coolidge • Becomes president after Harding dies • Wins election of 1924 because he was popular with business • Took on a new way of looking at laissez faire practices

  10. Coolidge’s Vetoes and Inaction • Believed in limited government • Laissez-faire • Focused on the budget • Vetoed bills that offered bonuses to WWI vets • Vetoed McNary-Haugen Bill (1928) – refused to help farmers

  11. Election of 1928 • Coolidge declined to run for president again • Tickets: • Herbert Hoover (R) • Alfred E. Smith (D) • Americans went with the Republicans because of PROSPERITY

  12. Mixed Economic Development • Causes for prosperity • Increased productivity • Energy technologies • Government policies • Problems: • Labor • Open shop • Farmers

  13. A New Culture • Consumerism • People bought goods….even if they didn’t need them • Gender Roles • Flappers • Religion • Revivalism – Aimee Semple McPherson

  14. Cultures in Conflict • Fundamentalism • John Scopes Trial • Evolution vs. Scripture • Clarence Darrow (ACLU) vs. William Jennings Bryan • Prohibition • 18th Amendment • Volstead Act • Sale, distribution, manufacture of “intoxicating liquors”

  15. Cultures in Conflict • Nativism/Xenophobia • Quota Law (1921) • Eastern Europeans and Asians • Nicola Sacco and Bartolommeo Vanzetti • Ku Klux Klan • Political organization • Executions

  16. War Debts and Reparations • War-guilt clause (1918) • Blame Germany for WWI • Owes $30 billion to Allied Powers (GB and France) • Dawes Plan (1924) • U.S. lends money to Germany to pay back Great Britain and France • Leads ultimately to the Great Depression

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