Introduction to Writing Through Literature Boot Camp

1. Introduction to Writing Through Literature Boot Camp Reviewing Writing and Reading Strategies

2. Reading • Essential Question: What do I need to do when I read so that I can both understand and analyze what I read? • Assignment: • Read “Short Assignments” from Bird by Bird by Anne Lamott on pages 693-696 in your textbook. • After you finish reading, answer the questions 1a-5a and 1b-5b on page 697. Use the CSQT format to answer the questions. • Question responses will be collected at the start of the period tomorrow for a 10 point homework/class work grade.

3. Reading • Essential Question: What do I need to do when I read so that I can both understand and analyze what I read? • Warm Up: Write a paragraph summarizing “Short Assignments” from Bird by Bird by Anne Lamott. • This paragraph will evaluated as a 10-point reading grade and a 25-point baseline informative writing grade.

4. Reading Strategies:Comprehension • Essential Question: What do I need to do when I read so that I can both understand and analyze what I read? • Use prior knowledge. • Decide what you need to know from the text. • Preview the material. • Monitor your own comprehension. • If you don’t understand, backtrack. • Visualize. • Draw inferences, ask questions, make connections, and summarize information.

5. Reading Strategies: Purpose • Essential Question: What do I need to do when I read so that I can both understand and analyze what I read? • Know the reason for reading the material. • For question and answer • For problem solving • To extend prior knowledge • To get directions • To be persuaded • For entertainment

6. Reading Strategies: Summarizing • Essential Question: What do I need to do when I read so that I can both understand and analyze what I read? • A summary briefly gives the main points of the reading including the main idea and the most important supporting details. • Paraphrasing is putting someone else’s ideas into your words. Paraphrasing allows you to use material while still maintaining your own writing style.

7. Reading Strategies: Summarizing • Essential Question: What do I need to do when I read so that I can both understand and analyze what I read? • Retain the author’s perspective. Identify the point of view. • Create outlines of the main ideas and the most important supporting details. • Ask: when, what, how, who, why, where • Make sure you understand all vocabulary used in the piece, especially if you are paraphrasing. • Do not change the original meaning of the material.

8. Reading Strategies: Summarizing • Essential Question: What do I need to do when I read so that I can both understand and analyze what I read? • Partner Work: Turn to your partner, in ten words or less, summarize “Short Assignments” verbally.

9. Reading Strategies: Text Features • Essential Question: What do I need to do when I read so that I can both understand and analyze what I read? • Use text features to help determine main idea and details. • Headings and subheadings • Bolded words • Italicized words • Captions • Illustrations • Photographs • Charts • Graphs • Maps • Labels

10. Reading Strategies: Text Features • Essential Question: What do I need to do when I read so that I can both understand and analyze what I read? • Group Work: With the other students in your group, use the Nonfiction Graphic Organizer to help you to identify the text features commonly used by the textbook that will assist you in your reading comprehension and analysis. Fill in the graphic organizer for “Short Assignments.”

11. Reading Strategies • Essential Question: What do I need to do when I read so that I can both understand and analyze what I read? • Warm Up: Answer the following question in a complete paragraph: When you are assigned something to read for class, how do you approach it? What do you do with the material that you have to read? What do you do if you understand it? What do you do if you don’t understand it? How do you remember it?

12. Reading Strategies: Text Features • Essential Question: What do I need to do when I read so that I can both understand and analyze what I read? • Class Discussion: Review “Short Assignments” graphic organizer and text features. • What reading strategies did we use with our analysis of “Short Assignments”? • What strategy helped you the most?

13. Writing Strategies • Essential Question: What do I need to do within my writing to communicate effectively with my audience? • Analysis: In a CSQT paragraph, identify and analyze Lamott’s main claim citing a specific detail she uses to develop her argument. • This paragraph will evaluated as a 10-point reading grade and a 25-point baseline argumentative writing grade.

14. Writing • Essential Question: What do I need to do within my writing to communicate effectively with my audience? • Warm Up: Answer the following question in a complete paragraph: What do you like about writing? What do you dislike about writing? What do you think is easy about writing? What do you think is hard? Why is it important to be able to communicate through writing?

15. Writing Strategies: Read the Question! • Essential Question: What do I need to do within my writing to communicate effectively with my audience? • Make sure you read the entire question. • Know what you are being asked to do. • Answer the question as it is asked. Don’t answer the question you wish you were asked! • Assignment: Each group has one of the essay questions from last year’s SAT. Read the question and brainstorm how you would respond. Write down your ideas.

16. Writing Strategies: What do you need to do? • Essential Question: What do I need to do within my writing to communicate effectively with my audience? • Identify the audience. • Audience: a body of spectators, listeners, or readers of a work or performance. • Identify the purpose. • Purpose: the reason for writing. • Identify the appropriate diction for the audience and purpose. • Diction: word choice

17. Writing Strategies: What do you need to do? • Essential Question: What do I need to do within my writing to communicate effectively with my audience? • Identify the format. • Format: the form or layout of the writing. • Identify the point of view. • The angle or perspective from which a story or account is told. • First Person, Second Person, Third Person • Identify the Mode of Discourse • Mode: type • Discourse: communication • Mode of Discourse: type of communication

18. Writing Strategies: What do you need to do? • Essential Question: What do I need to do within my writing to communicate effectively with my audience? • Modes of Discourse p. 363

19. Writing Strategies: What do you need to do? • Essential Question: What do I need to do within my writing to communicate effectively with my audience? • Group Work: With the members of your group, decide: • What format do you think is most appropriate for this writing? Why? • What point of view do you think is most appropriate for this essay? Why? • What is the best mode of discourse for this essay? Why?

20. Writing Strategies: Prewriting • Essential Question: What do I need to do within my writing to communicate effectively with my audience? • Write a thesis that answers ALL PARTS OF THE QUESTION. • Thesis: the position taken by someone discussing a particular topic with the intent of proving that position plausible or correct. • Identify the major points that will make up your body paragraphs. • Establish what evidence is necessary to fulfill your purpose with your audience.

21. Writing Strategies: Thesis Statement • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Your thesis statement should: • be one sentence long. • be the last sentence in the introduction. • answer all parts of the question. • be specific. • incorporate the main points. • answer the entirety of the question in one, detailed sentence. • present the argument you intend to make in the essay. • Argument: A piece of writing or an oral presentation in which an author or speaker seeks to persuade an audience to accept a proposition or an opinion by giving reasons and evidence. An argument does not necessarily involve controversy or anger; often it is simply a statement that presents a claim or a particular point of view. • Every thesis statement in an academic paper presents an argument!

22. Writing Strategies: Introduction • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Your introduction should: • be your first paragraph. • be at least five sentences long. • begin with a hook to grab your audience. Hook: attention-getting device • contain relevant information about your topic. • effectively lead to your thesis. • end with your thesis.

23. Writing Strategies: Body Paragraph • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Your body paragraphs should: • be at least five sentences long. • have a main idea established by the first sentence. • Topic Sentence: Sentence that presents the main idea of a paragraph • have at least three specific details to support the main idea. • Supporting Sentence: Sentences that provide supporting details for the topic sentence or main idea in the paragraph • directly reflect the points of the thesis. • conclude the point within the paragraph and transition into the next paragraph. Avoid using transition words! • Transition Sentence: Sentence that concludes that previous topic while introducing the next topic to lead the reader through the writing.

24. Writing Strategies: Conclusion • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Your conclusion should: • be the last paragraph of the essay. • be at least five sentences long • tie together all of your major points. • reiterate your thesis. • not introduce new material. • NEVER include the words : In summary, In conclusion, Finally.

25. Writing • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Assignment: Write the first draft of the SAT essay your group was assigned. • You need to have this draft finished at the beginning the period Thursday. You will have part of the period tomorrow to work on this.

26. Grammar • Essential Question: How does properly using standard English grammar help me to effectively communicate in writing? • Warm Up: Answer the following question in a complete paragraph: Why is it important to use correct standard English grammar in your writing? How confident are you regarding your grammar skills?

27. Common Grammar Mistakes • Essential Question: How does properly using standard English grammar help me to effectively communicate in writing? • The following are mistakes students often make in their writing: • Sentence Structure • Subject/Verb Agreement • Pronoun/Noun Agreement • Verb Tense • Assignment: Complete the Sentence Structure and Part of Speech pretest.

28. Grammar Review • What do the following two groups of words have in common? Rapa Nui, or Easter Island, is an isolated island 2000 miles from the coast of South America, it has captured the attention of historians and anthropologists world wide. Wondered about those massive statues surrounding the island. Practice

29. Components of a complete sentence • A complete subject is a noun, a group of words acting as a noun, or a pronoun, plus and modifiers that describe what or who the sentence is about • A complete predicate is a verb or verb phrase plus any modifiers and words that complete the meaning of the verb or the verb phrase.

30. Not sentences • Sentence fragment—a group of words that fails to express a complete thought but is punctuated as a sentence. • fragments may lack a subject or a verb or both • Run-on sentence–two or more sentences masquerading as a single sentence because of incorrect punctuation.

31. To fix a fragment • Add a subject or verb to complete the thought. • Early explorers wondered about the those massive statues surrounding the island. • Attach the fragment to the sentence before or after it, if it makes sense. • Drop or replace words until you have both a complete subject and complete predicate.

32. To fix a run-on • Separate the two sentences using capitalization and end punctuation. • Rapa Nui, or Easter Island, is an isolated island 2000 miles from the coast of South America. It has captured the attention of historians and anthropologists world wide. • Use a conjunction, preceded by a comma. • Rapa Nui, or Easter Island, is an isolated island 2000 miles from the coast of South America, and it has captured the attention of historians and anthropologists world wide. • Insert a semicolon, or a semicolon along with a transitional word or phrase followed by a comma. • Rapa Nui, or Easter Island, is an isolated island 2000 miles from the coast of South America; it has captured the attention of historians and anthropologists world wide.

33. Think-Pair-Share • With a partner, complete the Fragments and Run-ons worksheet.

34. On your own • List all the parts of speech you know and define them.

35. How many did you get? • There are EIGHT parts of speech. • Noun • Verb • Adjective • Adverb • Pronoun • Preposition • Conjunction • Article

36. Parts of Speech Review—the most basic definitions • Noun—person, place, thing, or idea • Verb—action words • Adjective—modifies or describes a noun or pronoun • Adverb—modifies or describes a verb or adjective

37. Parts of Speech Review—the most basic definitions • Pronoun—takes the place of a noun in the sentence • Preposition—with a noun or pronoun, creates phrases that denote time, place, location, or introduces objects of verbs • Conjunction—joins two independent clauses (and, but, for, nor, so, but, yet) • Article—a, an, the

38. Writing: Argumentative Writing • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Warm Up: In a complete paragraph, describe an argument you recently had with someone you know.

39. Writing: Argumentative Writing • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Argument: “An argument is a form of discourse in which the writer or speaker tries to persuade an audience to accept, reject, or think a certain way about a problem that cannot be solved by scientific or mathematical reasoning alone” The Well-Crafted Argument (4). • Rhetoric: the art of using language persuasively.

40. Writing: Argumentative Writing • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • A good argument: • Makes a strong claim • Includes relevant, convincing evidence • Defines or explains necessary terms or concepts • Provides necessary background information • Acknowledges other claims and provides refutation • Presents a logical pattern of reasoning from thesis to conclusion

41. Writing: Argumentative Writing • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Evidence: information that supports the argument • Specific evidence is necessary for every assertion, or claim. • Evidence should be accurate, timely, relevant, and sufficient.

42. Writing: Argumentative Writing • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Appeals • Appeals are used to reinforce the evidence in order to persuade the audience. • Ethos: ethical appeals…tradition, authority, ethical and moral behavior • Pathos: emotional appeals…feelings, basic human needs such as security, love, belonging, health and well-being • Logos: rational appeals…reason and logic

43. Writing: Argumentative Writing • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Purpose and Audience • Argumentative writing has a distinct purpose: to present, support, or challenge a debatable proposition The Well-Crafted Argument (18). • You must recognize not only why you are writing, but also why you want your reader to agree with your position. • The audience will dictate the argument; therefore, the you must know your audience.

44. Writing: Argumentative Writing • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Assignment: Look at the argument you described in your warm up. Identify the following argumentative features of your argument under your paragraph: • Claim • Evidence • Appeal • Refutation • Purpose • Audience

45. Writing: Argumentative Writing • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Group Work: Look back at “Short Assignments” starting on page 693 in your book. While this essay is not persuasive writing, it can be considered argumentative writing. • Identify the following argumentative features of Lamott’s argument: • Claim • Evidence • Appeal • Refutation • Purpose • Audience

46. Writing: Argumentative Writing • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • In your essay you must: • Present the problem: The problem must be clearly stated, the audience must understand why it should care about the problem. • State the claim: You need to clearly state your solution to the problem. Your claim must be realistic, practical, and sensible. • Report the evidence: You must communicate the significance of the evidence, not merely present facts and figures.

47. Writing: Argumentative Essay • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • In your essay you must: • Refute challenging views: You must present claims/evidence of the opposing side as fairly as possible. • Draw inferences and conclusions: Ask yourself, how do I interpret my findings? Will my argument convince my audience?

48. Writing: Argumentative Essay • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Organization: Classical Model • Introduction: lead-in, overview of situation, background • Thesis: position statement • Appeals: ethos, pathos, logos • Evidence: citing of statistics, results, findings, examples, laws, relevant passages from authoritative texts • Refutation: often presented with evidence • Conclusion: highlights of key points, recommendations, illuminating restatement of thesis (69)

49. Writing: Argumentative WritingEdit and Revise • Essential Question: How can I create and organize my ideas in order to effectively communicate my ideas in my writing? • Peer Editing: Exchange papers with a partner. • Identify the argumentative elements of your partner’s essay: claim, evidence, appeal, refutation. Write suggestions on sticky notes and put them on the essay. • Look at the structure of your partner’s essay. Does the essay have an introduction, thesis, body paragraph with topic sentences, supporting sentences, and transition sentences, and a conclusion? Does the paper have grammatical errors with sentence structure or subject/verb or noun/pronoun agreement? Write suggestions on sticky notes and put them on the essay. • Return the draft to your partner and discuss the essays and the suggestions.

50. Rubric • The CRHS English department is using the state writing rubrics to evaluate your writing this year. • Review the rubrics and grading scale.