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Preliminary Design Review Group 9001

Preliminary Design Review Group 9001. Robert Zwecker – Structural Nick Meeker – Fluid Systems Chad English – Foundation Kevin Argabright – Architectural Nathan Netsch – Building thermal Systems Tenzin Seldon – Solar Thermal Systems. Bellingham Washington. 36” of precipitation per year

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Preliminary Design Review Group 9001

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  1. Preliminary Design ReviewGroup 9001 Robert Zwecker – Structural Nick Meeker – Fluid Systems Chad English – Foundation Kevin Argabright – Architectural Nathan Netsch – Building thermal Systems Tenzin Seldon – Solar Thermal Systems

  2. Bellingham Washington • 36” of precipitation per year • Miami – 57”, NYC – 43”, Boston – 42” • Temperature • Average in July - 72°F High and 53°F Low • Average in Jan. - 43°F High and 31°F Low • Average of 71 sunny, 93 Partly Cloudy, and 201 cloudy days http://web03.bestplaces.net/city/Bellingham_WA.gif Source: http://www.bellingham.org/index.php/visitors/weather

  3. Bellingham Washington Bellingham Building Codes • Seismic Zone: D1 • Wind Speed: 90 mph (three-second gust) • Exposure B* • Snow Load: 25 lbs/ft²-Ground and Roof • Rain: 2”/hour for roof drainage design • Soils: Per IRC Table R405.1, IBC Section 1804 • Frost Depth: 18” • Maximum Allowable Soil Bearing Capacity: 2000 lbs/ft² • Soil Classification Type: Group IV Source: http://www.cob.org/services/permits/construction-codes.aspx

  4. Foundation Analysis

  5. L = 44’ Axial Loading Calculations Wall thickness, t = 8” A=W*L – (W-2t)*(L-2t) A = 52.22ft2 or 7520in2 W = 35’

  6. Weight of House 40lb/ft2 x (44’x35’x2) = 123200lb Snow Load (per Building Code) 25lb/ft2 x (44’x35’) = 38500lb Total load Weight of House + Snow Load = 161700lb Axial Loading Calculations cont. Photo courtesy of http://www.crowson.com/images/house/120598_new_house_foundation2.jpg

  7. Axial Loading Calculations cont. • Approximate material strength at 3500psi

  8. Bending Stress Calculations • Model soil as a fluid • Frost line at 18” (per Building Code) Total Height = 11’ 15o 19.5” 35’

  9. Bending Stress Calculations cont. Fsoil = 351384lb Rc = 117128lb Rf = 234256lb σbend = 5.63psi

  10. Radon Gas Infiltration • EPA maximum 4.0 pCi/L • Bellingham, WA levels <2.0

  11. References • http://www.bayarearetrofit.com/RetrofitDesign/RetrofitEngineering/retrofitengineering.html • EDGE • http://www.epa.gov/radon/ • http://www.keystonewalls.com/media/technote.pdfs/soil_dens.pdf

  12. Structural – Roof Truss Analysis

  13. Options to Consider • Roof truss spacing • Begin analysis with .6096 m(2 ft) spacing and work way down to .3048 m(1 ft) spacing if required to support loading • Roof truss materials and size • Ponderosa Pine • Douglas Fir Wood • Method of Ventilation • Type of Truss • Storage Truss • Fink Truss Images: http://www.ufpi.com/product/rooftrusses/images/trusses/fink.jpg, http://www.ufpi.com/product/rooftrusses/images/trusses/attic.jpg • Storage Truss • Fink Truss

  14. Applicable Local Codes/Loading • Wind speed of 90 mph – converts to 1018 N/m2 • Snow Load: 25 lb/ft2 – converts to 1197 N/m2 Each flat plate collector is approximately 500 N To ensure conservatism, a load of 2500 N/m2 will be considered for analysis. http://www.cob.org/documents/planning/permit-center/publications/adopted-codes.pdf http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview/id/346834.html

  15. Storage Truss Modeled using CAD

  16. Analysis Method • Use ANSYS to determine stress in elements of simple truss and compare ANSYS results to analytical results. • Once ANSYS is confirmed as reliable, use ANSYS to complete rest of analyses on more complicated storage truss.

  17. Simple Truss Analysis Assume a roof load of 2500 N/m2, yielding 1524 N/m per truss. Truss span is 11.89 m, yielding 18120 N roof load Improvements to be made • Use more complicated truss • Possibly reduce truss spacing, to be determined after further analyses. • Leaning toward 2 x 6” but need to perform more analyses

  18. Architectural Analysis

  19. Floor PlanFirst Floor Main House: 44’ x 35’ (13.4 m x 10.7 m) Garage: 26’ x 35’ (7.9 m x 10.7 m) All floor plans created at http://www.floorplanner.com/

  20. Second Floor

  21. Fluids Analysis

  22. Solar Collector Assumptions Using Figure1: Use Skyline 20-01 Glazed Flat-Plate Collector Flow Rate = 0.63 gpm = 0.0397 L/s ΔP = 18.72 in = 475mm of H20 AFlat-Plate = 20.08 ft2 = 1.86m2 No. of Collectors = 4 Atotal= 80.32 ft2 = 7.44m2 Total Flow Rate = 2.52gpm = 0.159L/s Figure 1 – Pipe Sizing Source: Directory of SRCC Certified Solar Collector Ratings (November, 15 2006)

  23. Pipe Comparisons Source: http://www.mcmaster.com/

  24. Steel PVC Copper • Pros • Resists Corrosion • Unaffected by UV • Resists Fire • Provides clean water supply • Cons • Expensive • Connections using soldering • Pros • Very high pressure ratings • Thinner pipes (less mass) • Unaffected by UV • Various joint options • Cons • Expensive • Connections using soldering • Corrodes • Pros • inexpensive • Connections made easily without soldering • Flexible • Cons • Easily affected by UV light • Poor insulator • Susceptible to freezing • Gives off chemicals in fire Sources: http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-advantages-of-copper-plumbing.htm http://www.articlesbase.com/home-improvement-articles/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-pvc-for-plumbing-uses-902814.html http://www.steelpipespe.co.za/tubing.htm

  25. Hot Water Storage Hot Water Tanks w/ HX Hot Water Tanks and Separate HX Sources: http://www.mcmaster.com/ http://solar.altestore.com/ http://www.solartubs.com/

  26. 80 gal Water Tank and HX Heliodyne CounterFlow Heat Exchanger– 16,000 Btu/Hr (4.7KW) Alternate Energy Technologies’ 80 Gal Storage Tank w/ 15,00 Btu/hr HX 80 Gal American Water Heater Company Solar Storage Tank $1,400 $2,200 + Source: http://solar.altestore.com/

  27. 120 gal Water Tank and HX Heliodyne CounterFlow Heat Exchanger– 16,000 Btu/Hr (4.7KW) Alternate Energy Technologies’ 120 Gal Storage Tank w/ 15,00 Btu/hr HX 120 Gal American Water Heater Company Solar Storage Tank + $1,600 • $2,500 Source: http://solar.altestore.com/

  28. Building Thermal Analysis

  29. Source: http://www.city-data.com Source: http://www.wunderground.com Climate

  30. Heat Transfer Analysis Thermal Resistivity measured by R in terms of K/(m2 K) Heat Transfer Coefficient, U is defined by Total heat lost- Heat loss is total (Q) is total amount of energy lost through convection & conduction. The higher the R-value the better Example of cross-sectional view of wall Source: http://www.devsantimberframehomes.ie/what_is_timber_frame.php

  31. Total House R-Value Source: US Department to Energy *These recommendations are cost-effective levels of insulation based on the best available information on local fuel and materials costs and weather conditions. Source: US Department to Energy R-Values listed in F-ft2-h/Btu

  32. Insulation According to U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), in a marine climate one should use: • R-19 friction fit, kraft-faced fiberglass insulation • blown-in cellulose insulation Vapor barriers must be utilized for moisture control: polystyrene sheeting and latex paint Vinyl Exterior will be used: more durable in high moisture areas and has been requested by customer 2X6 framing is recommended by DOE and will be used. Source: http://www.houleinsulation.com/ Source: US Department of Energy

  33. Insulation Source: Superseal Construction Products, US Department of Energy

  34. Windows Windows historically have been the greatest source of heat lost. Originally single pane window have been the norm, but are illegal today by some building codes. Today we have double and triple pane windows. Spacing between panes create additional thermal barrier. Spacing can be filled with air, or with Argon or Krypton gas for higher thermal resistance. Many windows today qualify for Federal Tax Credit Source: http://www.accentcountryhomes.com/ Source: http://www.energystar.gov

  35. Windows Sources: http://www.jeld-wen.com/, http://www.andersenwindows.com/ , US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

  36. Doors Sources: http://www.jeld-wen.com/, http://www.andersenwindows.com/ , US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

  37. Solar Thermal Analysis

  38. Quick facts • A typical U.S. household consumes about 11,000 kWh per year, costing an average of $1,034 annually. • A medium (80-gallon) storage tank works well for three to four people for hot water usage. • Slope of the collector should roughly equal the latitude of the location. • List of providers: ACR Solar International (CA), Heliodyne, Inc. (CA), Radco Products, Inc. (CA), Sealed air corporation (CA), SunBank Solar (CA), SunEarth, Inc.(CA), • Liquid based flat-plate collectors are preferred since it’s more efficient than air based ones. • Glazed preferred over unglazed due to its higher generating capability.

  39. Comparison of glazed flat-plate liquid type collectors 1: Skyline 20-01; 2:GOBI 410; 3:Radco 412C-HP; 4: SunEarth EC 24; 5: Sunbank SB20

  40. F-Chart Analysis

  41. F-Chart Analysis

  42. Economics Summary First Year Fuel Cost $ 65 First Year Fuel Savings $ 75 Initial Investment $ 2001 Life Cycle Savings $ 314 Life Cycle Costs Fuel $ 1445 Equipment $ 1341 Total $ 2786 Breakdown of Equipment Costs Expenses Down Payment $ 2001 Mortgage $ 0 Maint. & Ins. $ 0 Property Tax $ 889 Credits Interest $ 0 Depreciation $ 0 Resale $ 429 Tax Credits $ 1121 Solar Heat Dhw Aux f [GJ] [GJ] [GJ] [GJ] [ ] Jan 2.055 0.753 1.277 1.561 0.231 Feb 3.148 0.681 1.158 0.892 0.515 Mar 3.196 0.793 1.277 1.163 0.438 Apr 5.501 0.438 1.221 0.161 0.903 May 5.348 0.362 1.241 0.203 0.874 Jun 5.235 0.218 1.182 0.124 0.912 Jul 5.833 0.145 1.203 0.034 0.975 Aug 5.729 0.122 1.197 0.026 0.981 Sep 3.105 0.271 1.164 0.626 0.564 Oct 2.620 0.495 1.218 1.046 0.390 Nov 1.248 0.692 1.199 1.828 0.034 Dec 1.465 0.706 1.258 1.786 0.090 Year 44.482 5.675 14.594 9.448 0.534

  43. Bibliography • U.S. Department of Energy: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. 2009. 20 Oct. 2009. <http://www1.eere.energy.gov/consumer/tips/appliances.html> • SunMaxx: Flat Plate Collectors. 2008. 20 Oct. 2009. <http://solarhotwater.siliconsolar.com/pdfs/shw-pcs-005-flat-plate.pdf> • Directory of SRCC Certified Solar Collector Ratings. 2006. 23 Oct. 2009. <https://edge.rit.edu/content/Resources/public/SRCCDocuments/OG100DIRFULL_20061115.pdf>

  44. Questions/Comments?

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