Harriet Kung Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences

1. OFFICE OFSCIENCE Overview of Basic Energy Sciences CFN/NSLS Users Meeting Brookhaven National Laboratory May 19, 2009 Harriet Kung Director, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy

2. Outline • New Administration & DOE • BES Strategic Planning • BES Budget & Staffing Updates

3. Dep Sectary Daniel Poneman (Nominee) Steven Koonin (Nominee) Kristina Johnson (Nominee) Director of the Office of Science William Brinkman (Nominee) EERE EM BES FE NE OE RW LM

4. The Administration’s Energy & Environment Plan • Within 10 years save more oil than we currently import from the Middle East and Venezuela combined. • Put 1 million plug-in hybrid cars – cars that can get up to 150 miles per gallon – on the road by 2015. • Generate 10 percent of our electricity from renewable sources by 2012, and 25 percent by 2025. • Implement an economy-wide, cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80% by 2050. http://www.whitehouse.gov/agenda/energy_and_environment/

5. DOE’s Priorities and Goals Priority: Science and Discovery: Invest in science to achieve transformational discoveries • Organize and focus on breakthrough science • Develop and nurture science and engineering talent • Coordinate DOE work across the department, across the government, and globally Priority: Change the landscape of energy demand and supply • Drive energy efficiency to decrease energy use in homes, industry and transportation • Develop and deploy clean, safe, low carbon energy supplies • Enhance DOE’s application areas through collaboration with its strengths in Science Priority: Economic Prosperity: Create millions of green jobs and increase competitiveness • Reduce energy demand • Deploy cost-effective low-carbon clean energy technologies at scale • Promote the development of an efficient, “smart” electricity transmission and distribution network • Enable responsible domestic production of oil and natural gas • Create a green workforce Priority: National Security and Legacy: Maintain nuclear deterrent and prevent proliferation • Strengthen non-proliferation and arms control activities • Ensure that the U.S. weapons stockpile remains safe, secure, and reliable without nuclear testing • Complete legacy environmental clean-up Priority: Climate Change: Position U.S. to lead on climate change policy, technology, and science • Provide science and technology inputs needed for global climate negotiations • Develop and deploy technology solutions domestically and globally • Advance climate science to better understand the human impact on the global environment

6. Priority: Science and DiscoveryInvest in science to achieve transformational discoveries • Focus on transformational science • Connect basic and applied sciences • Re-energize the national labs as centers of great science and innovation • Double the Office of Science budget • Embrace a degree of risk-taking in research • Create an effective mechanism to integrate national laboratory, university, and industry activities • Develop science and engineering talent • Train the next generation of scientists and engineers • Attract and retain the most talented researchers • Collaborate universally • Partner globally • Support the developing world • Build research networks across departments, government, nation and the globe

7. www.science.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html Strategic Planning: Ten “Basic Research Needs …” Workshops Basic Research Needs to Assure a Secure Energy Future (BESAC) • Hydrogen Economy • Solar Energy Utilization • Superconductivity • Solid State Lighting • Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems • Clean and Efficient Combustion of 21st Century Transportation Fuels • Geosciences: Facilitating 21st Century Energy Systems • Electrical Energy Storage • Catalysis for Energy Applications • Materials under Extreme Environments 10 workshops; 5 years; more than 1,500 participants from academia, industry, and DOE labs

8. Directing Matter and Energy: Five Challenges for Science and the Imagination • Control the quantum behavior of electrons in materials • Synthesize, atom by atom, new forms of matter with tailored properties • Control emergent properties that arise from the complex correlations of atomic and electronic constituents • Synthesize man-made nanoscale objects with capabilities rivaling those of living things • Control matter very far away from equilibrium

9. Basic and Applied R&D CoordinationHow Nature Works … to … Design and Control … to … Technologies for the 21st Century Technology Maturation & Deployment Grand Challenges Discovery and Use-Inspired Basic Research How nature works Materials properties and chemical functionalities by design Applied Research • Controlling materials processes at the level of quantum behavior of electrons • Atom- and energy-efficient syntheses of new forms of matter with tailored properties • Emergent properties from complex correlations of atomic and electronic constituents • Man-made nanoscale objects with capabilities rivaling those of living things • Controlling matter very far away from equilibrium • Basic research for fundamental new understanding on materials or systems that may revolutionize or transform today’s energy technologies • Development of new tools, techniques, and facilities, including those for the scattering sciences and for advanced modeling and computation • Basic research, often with the goal of addressing showstoppers on real-world applications in the energy technologies • Research with the goal of meeting technical milestones, with emphasis on the development, performance, cost reduction, and durability of materials and components or on efficient processes • Proof of technology concepts • Scale-up research • At-scale demonstration • Cost reduction • Prototyping • Manufacturing R&D • Deployment support BESAC & BES Basic Research Needs Workshops BESAC Grand Challenges Panel DOE Technology Office/Industry Roadmaps

10. New Science for a Secure and Sustainable Energy Future Goals from the final BESAC Report: • Make fuels from sunlight • Generate electricity without carbon dioxide emissions • Revolutionize energy efficiency and use Recommendations: • Work at the intersection of control science and complex functional materials. • Increase the rate of discoveries. • Establish “dream teams” of talent, equipped with forefront tools, and focused on the most pressing challenges to increase the rate of discovery. • Recruit the best talent through workforce development to inspire today’s students and young researchers to be the discoverers, inventors, and innovators of tomorrow’s energy solutions.

11. Can Basic Science Help Break Historic Improvement Curves? Electric Energy Storage Transmission& Distribution Fuel Switching End-use Efficiency Zero-net-emissions Electricity Generation CCS Conservation Fuel Switching Climate/Environment Impacts 11 Source: LLNL 2008; data are based on DOE/EIA-0384(2006). Credit should be given to LLNL and DOE.

12. BESAC Workshop on Solving Science and Energy Grand Challenges with Next Generation Photon Sources “Photon Workshop” October 27- 28, 2008 Wolfgang Eberhardt (BESSY) and Franz Himpsel (U Wisconsin), Co-Chairs Workshop Charge • This workshop will identify connections between major new research opportunities and the capabilities of the next generation of light sources (“photon attributes”, such as coherence and femtosecond time resolution). Particular emphasis will be on energy-related research. The presentations and discussion sessions will highlight how time-resolved excitation, functional imaging, diffraction, and spectroscopy by photons can help solving major problems and develop “killer applications” in basic energy research. A variety of opportunities have been outlined by ten BESAC and BES reports on basic research needs and by a report on five “Grand Challenges” in directing matter and energy (see: http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/list.html ). • Both accelerator-based light sources and novel laser based sources for the VUV to X-ray range will be considered. The Photon Workshop will identify the science drivers for new photon sources but will not consider the design of machines or devices for producing the required photons. A strong coupling of theory and experiment will be emphasized. • A matrix will be prepared to define the most compelling connections between research opportunities and photon attributes. For example, many science and energy grand challenges require probing very fast processes that happen over very small distances: femtoseconds over nanometers. Typically, an electron in a solid takes a femtosecond to travel a nanometer, and atoms have a vibrational period of about 100 femtoseconds. Lasers probe femtoseconds and synchrotrons resolve nanometers, but presently neither can do both. • The photon attributes to be considered by the workshop include coherence length (longitudinal and transverse), time structure, energy, energy resolution, spectral brightness (average and peak), flux, spatial and momentum resolution, and polarization.

13. http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/files/NGPS_rpt.pdf 13 13

14. FY 2008 – FY 2009 SC Budget Appropriations & FY 2010 Request

15. Basic Energy Sciences The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 BES will invest $555.4 million of the ARRA funding for the following seven activities: • $150.0M to accelerate the civilian construction of the National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II) at Brookhaven National Laboratory; • $14.7M to complete the construction of the User Support Building (USB) at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; • $33.6M to complete the Linac Coherent Light Source(LCLS) Ultrafast Science Instruments (LUSI) MIE project at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory; • $25.0M for capital equipment replenishment and augmentation at the five BES Nanoscale Science Research Centers (NSRCs); • $24.0M for four synchrotron radiation light sources capital equipments, AIP, other upgrades • $277.0M for Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs). • $31.1M for Early Career Fellowships (TBD)

16. Light Sources 339.4 Neutron Sources 251.4 101.2 NSRC OPC 27 100 FY 2009 BES BudgetOmnibus Appropriations Act 2009 • Core research programs • $100M for Energy Frontier Research Centers • ~$55M for single investigator and small group awards for grand science and energy research (including one-time funding for mid-scale instrumentation and ultrafast science) • Facility-related research (detectors, optics, etc.) ~ $10M • $17M for EPSCoR (vs. request of $8.24M) • Scientific user facilities operations • Full funding for: • Synchrotron light sources • Neutron scattering facilities • Electron microcharacterization facilities • Nanoscale Science Research Centers • Construction and instrumentation • Full funding for: • National Synchrotron Light Source-II • Linac Coherent Light Source + Linac operations + instruments • Advanced Light Source User Support Building • Spallation Neutron Source instruments • PULSE Building Appropriation $ 1,572M 34 5 35.3 MIE GPP SBIR MSE Research MSE Research Facilities Ops 273.3 CSGB Research 719 CSGB Research Facilities Ops 239.5 EFRC SUF Research 20.4 Construction 145.5

17. Energy Frontier Research Centers Tackling Our Energy Challenges in a New Era of Science • To engage the talents of the nation’s researchers for the broad energy sciences • To accelerate the scientific breakthroughs needed to create advanced energy technologies for the 21st century • To pursue the fundamental understanding necessary to meet the global need for abundant, clean, and economical energy • EFRCs will pursue collaborative basic research that addresses both energy challenges and science grand challenges in areas such as: • Solar Energy Utilization  Geosciences for Nuclear Waste and CO2 Storage  Combustion • Bio-Fuels  Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems  Superconductivity • Catalysis  Materials Under Extreme Environments  Solid State Lighting • Energy Storage  Hydrogen FY 2009 EFRCs Funding Status: 2003-2007 Conducted BRNs workshops August 2007 America COMPETES Act signed Feb. 2008 FY 2009 budget roll-out April 2008 EFRC FOA issued Oct. 2008 Received 261 full proposals Oct. 2008 FY 2009 Continuing Resolution started Feb. 2009 Recovery Act of 2009 (Stimulus) signed March 2009 Omnibus Appropriations Act 2009 signed April 2009 46 EFRC awards announced Aug. 2009 EFRC projects to start Recovery Act (Stimulus Bill) $277M $100M Omnibus Appropriations Total EFRCs = $777M over 5 years

18. Industry/Nonprofit 1 Energy Storage 2 12 DOE Labs Energy Efficiency 6 20 6 31 Universities Energy Supply 14 Crosscutting Sciences By Lead Institution By Topical Category Energy Frontier Research Centers Invest in Cutting-edge Scientific Research to Achieve Transformational Discoveries 46 centers awarded in FY 2009 for five years Representing 110 participating institutions in 36 states plus D.C.

19. Single-Investigator & Small-Group Research Single-Investigator and Small-Group Research (SISGR) will significantly enhance the core research programs in BES and pursue the fundamental understanding necessary to meet the global need for abundant, clean, and economical energy. Awards are planned for three years, with funding in the range of $150-300 K/yr for single-investigator awards and $500-1500 K/yr for small-group awards Areas of interest include: Grand challenge science: ultrafast science; chemical imaging, complex & emergent behavior Use inspired discovery science: basic research for electrical energy storage; advanced nuclear energy systems; solar energy utilization; hydrogen production, storage, and use; geological CO2 sequestration; other basic research areas identified in BESAC and BES workshop reports with an emphasis on nanoscale phenomena Tools for grand challenge science: midscale instrumentation; accelerator and detector research (exclude capital equipment supports) Awards to be announced in June 2009

20. BES FY 2010 Budget Highlights The FY 2010 BES Budget Request supports President Obama’s goals for a clean energy economy, investments in science and technology—including exploratory and high-risk research, and training the next generation of scientists and engineers. Research: • Two Energy Innovation Hubs are initiated in FY 2010 in the topical areas of Fuels from Sunlight, and Batteries and Energy Storage. Each hub will assemble a multidisciplinary team to address the basic science, technology, economic, and policy issues needed to achieve a secure and sustainable energy future. • Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRCs) initiated in FY 2009 continue in FY 2010. EFRCs integrate the talents and expertise of leading scientists across multiple disciplines to conduct fundamental research to establish the scientific foundation for breakthrough energy technologies. • Core research—primarily supporting single principal investigator and small group projects—will be continued and expanded to initiate promising new activities that respond to the five grand challenges identified in the BESAC Grand Challenges report: quantum control of electrons in atoms, molecules, and materials; basic architecture of matter, directed assemblies, structure, and properties; emergence of collective phenomena; energy and information on the nanoscale; and matter far beyond equilibrium. Facilities: • The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, the world’s first hard x-ray coherent light source, begins operations in FY 2010. The LCLS provides laser-like x-ray radiation that is 10 billion times more intense than any existing coherent x-ray light source and will open new realms of exploration in the chemical, material, and biological sciences. • The National Synchrotron Light Source II at Brookhaven National Laboratory will continue its construction phase, including the largest component of the project—the building that will house the accelerator ring. • Scientific User Facility Operations are fully funded in FY 2010. The BES user facilities are visited by more than 10,000 scientists and engineers from academia, national laboratories, and industry annually and provide unique capabilities to the scientific community that are critical to maintaining U.S. leadership in the physical sciences.

21. 25 5.5 38.3 Light Sources 362.2 Neutron Sources 260.2 106.8 NSRC OPC 13.5 FY 2010 BES Budget Request • Core research programs • 2 Energy Innovation Hubs • $100M for Energy Frontier Research Centers • Core research increases for grand challenge science, accelerator & detector research • Scientific user facilities operations • Synchrotron light sources • Neutron scattering facilities • Nanoscale Science Research Centers • Construction and instrumentation • National Synchrotron Light Source-II • Linac Coherent Light Source • Spallation Neutron Source instruments • SNS Power Upgrade Request $ 1,685M MIE GPP SBIR MSE Research MSE Research 277.4 Facilities Ops CSGB Research CSGB Research 742.7 249.7 Hub 68 EFRC 154.2 100 Construction 24.7 SUF Research

22. BES Budget and Planning Bob Astheimer,Technical Advisor Margie Davis, Financial ManagementVacant, Program Support Specialist Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division Scattering and Instrumentation Sciences Helen Kerch Cheryl Howard, P.A. Fundamental Interactions Michael Casassa Robin Felder, P.A. Materials Discovery, Design, and Synthesis Arvind Kini Kerry Gorey, P.A. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics Jim Horwitz Marsophia Agnant, P.A. Photo- and Bio- Chemistry Rich Greene Sharron Watson, P.A. Chemical Transformations John Miller Teresa Crockett, P.A. Office of Basic Energy Sciences Linda Horton, Director Ehsan Khan, Program Manager Christie Ashton, Program Analyst Charnice Waters, Secretary Eric Rohlfing, Director Diane Marceau, Program Analyst Michaelene Kyler-King, Program Assistant Harriet Kung, Director Wanda Smith, Administrative Specialist Materials Chemistry Dick Kelley Jim McBreen, BNLVacant Exp. Cond. Mat. Phys. Andy Schwartz Doug Finnemore, AmesVacant X-ray Scattering Lane Wilson Biomolecular Materials Mike Markowitz Theo. Cond. Mat. Phys. Michael Lee Arun Bansil, NEU Jim Davenport, BNL Kim Ferris, PNNL Neutron Scattering Thiyaga P. Thiyagarajan Synthesis and ProcessingBonnie GerstenJeff Tsao, SNLMike Coltrin, SNL Physical Behavior of Materials Refik Kortan Electron and Scanning Probe Microscopies Jane Zhu Tech. Coordination Program Management John VetranoVacant Mechanical Behavior and Radiation Effects John Vetrano DOE EPSCoR* Tim FitzsimmonsHelen Farrell, INL * Experimental Program toStimulate Competitive Research L E G E N D Detailee (from DOE laboratories) Detailee, ½ time Detailee, ½ time, not at HQ Detailee, ¼ time, not at HQ On detail from SC-2, ½ time IPA (Interagency Personnel Act) P.A. Program Assistant April 2009 Posted 01APR09 BES Operations Rich Burrow, DOE Technical Office Coordination Don Freeburn, DOE and Stakeholder Interactions Ken Rivera, Laboratory Infrastructure / ES&H Katie Perine, Program Analyst / BESACVacant, Technology Office Coordination Materials Sciences and Engineering Division Scientific User Facilities Division Pedro Montano, Director Linda Cerrone, Program Support Specialist Rocio Meneses, Program Assistant Operations Construction X-ray and Neutron Scattering Facilities Roger KlaffkyVacant Linac Coherent Light Source Tom Brown Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences Jeff Krause Solar Photochemistry Mark Spitler Catalysis Science Raul Miranda Paul Maupin Heavy ElementChemistry Lester Morss Norm Edelstein, LBNL Nanoscience Centers & E-beam Centers Tof CarimVacant NSLS II Tom Brown Gas-PhaseChemical Physics Wade Sisk Larry Rahn, SNL Photosynthetic Systems Gail McLean Separations and Analysis Bill Millman Larry Rahn, SNL Accelerator and Detector R&D Vacant Spallation Neutron Source Upgrades Tom Brown Condensed-Phase and Interfacial Mol. Science Greg Fiechtner Physical Biosciences Bob Stack Facility Coordination, Metrics, Assessment Van Nguyen TEAM Vacant Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Mark Pederson Geosciences Nick Woodward Pat Dobson, LBNL Technology Office Coordination Marvin SingerVacant Instrument MIEs (SING, LUSI, etc.) Vacant Advanced Light Source User Support Building Tom Brown

23. Linda Announcement

24. CFN Receives 2008 Secretary’s Achievement Award in Project Management Center for Functional Nanomaterials (Brookhaven National Laboratory) Congratulations! The Center for Functional Nanomaterials is a state-of-the-art 94,500 gross square feet laboratory and office building designed to serve as the key focal point for nanoscience research in the Northeast. The objective of this project is to provide clean and stable laboratories with an initial suite of world-class instruments to focus on the study and fabrication of nanoscale materials. The Center is a user facility sponsored by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences. It facilitates major new directions in nanomaterials and greatly expands the capabilities available to a national user base including scientists from government, academia, and industry. In addition, it serves to train the next generation of scientists using the latest tools in the forefront of science. 24