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Knowledge

Knowledge. The Pop Quiz Paradox. Knowledge. Knowledge. Knowledge is true judgment with an account. Gettier’s Argument. Gettier’s Argument. Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?. Gettier’s Argument.

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Knowledge

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  1. Knowledge The Pop Quiz Paradox

  2. Knowledge

  3. Knowledge Knowledge is true judgment with an account.

  4. Gettier’s Argument

  5. Gettier’s Argument Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?

  6. Gettier’sArgument Smith and Jones are applying for a job with a company. Smith has just spoken to the president of the company and learned that Jones will get the job. Smith believes that Jones will get the job, and for good reason. Smith also believes that Jones has ten coins in his pocket. He just saw Jones empty his pocket looking for a quarter, and put ten coins back in the pocket. Smith has been watching him ever since and is sure he neither removed nor added any coins. Smith muses idly to himself, “Well, it looks like the person who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket.”

  7. Gettier’sArgument …suppose Smith gets the job (the company president changed his mind)… Furthermore, it turns out that Smith has ten coins in his pocket (something which Smith has no evidence about). Then “the person who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket.” Yet it is ridiculous to say Smith know this; it is sheer luck that it is true. -Poundstone, Labyrinths of Reason

  8. Gettier’s Argument Smith has a justified, true belief that the person who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket. If (1), then, if the Tripartite Analysis is correct, Smith knows that the person who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket. Smith doesn’t know that the person who will get the job has ten coins in his pocket. [So] The Tripartite Analysis isn’t correct.

  9. Replies to Gettier • The Tripartite Analysis: S knows that p iff • p is true, • S believes that p; • S’s belief that p is justified; and • ???

  10. Replies to Gettier • First Proposal: S knows that p iff • p is true, • S believes that p; • S’s belief that p is justified; and • S is certain that p.

  11. Replies to Gettier • Second Proposal: S knows that p iff • p is true, • S believes that p; • S’s belief that p is justified; and • S’s justification for p does not involve any false beliefs.

  12. Replies to Gettier • D is a defeater for S’s belief that p iff were S to find out about D, he would no longer believe that p. • Third Proposal: S knows that p iff • p is true, • S believes that p; • S’s belief that p is justified; and • There is no defeater for S’s belief that p.

  13. The Pop Quiz Paradox • A pop quiz is a quiz such that you (the student) will not know it is going to happen on a particular day until that day comes and the quiz is given. • A reductio ad absurdumis an argument where we show some assumption is false because it leads to a contradiction (i.e., a proposition of the form ‘p and not-p’).

  14. The Pop Quiz Paradox A pop quiz will be given Friday. If a pop quiz will be given Friday, then I (the student) know there will be a pop quiz on Friday. I don’t know there will be a pop quiz on Friday. [So] I know there will be a pop quiz on Friday and I don’t know there will be a pop quiz on Friday. [So] A pop quiz will not be given Friday.

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