Review Unit 1A

1. Review Unit 1A Our Solar System

2. #1 Galileo was the first scientist to successfully use a telescope to observe the night sky.

3. #2 Isaac Newton explained why the moon orbits Earth.

4. #4 Ptolemy was the scientist that came up with the Geocentric Theory.

5. #3 The Geocentric Theory stated that every thing in the universe revolved around the Earth.

6. #6 Copernicus was the scientist that came up with the Heliocentric Theory.

7. #5 The Heliocentric Theory stated that every thing in the universe revolved around the Sun.

8. #7 Geocentric and Heliocentric Theories were both proved to be false. What is one reason why? Scientists observed the stars and eventually realized they did not revolve around the sun or the Earth.

9. #8 If you were to watch the stars all night, they would seem to move across the sky at night, in the opposite direction that the Sun moves during the day.

10. #9 During winter months observed from Northern latitudes, the constellation Orion will rise in the East, travel across the night sky, and set in the West. Which BEST explains this observation? The constellation Orion appears to move across the sky as a result of the Earth's rotation.

11. #10 If we recorded the Sun's location in the sky every day at noon from September through February, the position of the Sun in the sky will change.

12. #11

13. #11 Put the planets in order from smallest to largest. Mercury Mars Venus Earth Neptune Uranus Saturn Jupiter

14. #12 Put the planets in order from the sun. Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

15. Main Features of inner planets – terrestrial planets #13 Mercury terrestrial planet, smallest planet, closest to sun # 14 Venus terrestrial planet, closest to earth in size and mass, hottest atmosphere due to greenhouse effect, completely enveloped in clouds that produce sulfuric acid rain #15 Earth terrestrial planet, only breathable atmosphere and water #16 Mars terrestrial planet, had surface water and flowing river, red in color due to oxidation (rust)

16. Main Features of outer planets – gas planets #17 Jupiter largest planet, giant storm that is a red spot, gas planet, has rings #18 Saturn gas planet, has rings #19 Uranus gas planet, has rings #20 Neptune gas planet, has rings, farthest from the sun

17. #21 Most asteroids can be found in three locations in our solar system. Asteroid Belt (between Mars and Jupiter) The Kuiper Belt Oort Cloud.

19. #22 What items in the solar system orbit the Sun? planets comets asteroids

20. Which position will it be easier for people on Earth to see Venus?

21. #23 Venus is visible to the naked eye from Earth. Why will we be able to see Venus BETTER at position Q in this picture? More of the visible side of the planet is illuminated at point Q than at point R.

22. #24 The farther away a planet is to the sun, the longer orbital period will be on that planet and the less the sun’s gravitation pull will be on that planet.

23. #25 The dark, lava-covered lowlands of the Moon are called the Maria.

24. #26. Draw a picture of the Sun, Earth, and Moon that shows the revolution pattern of the Earth and the Moon.

25. # 27. Why does the amount of daylight change during the course of a year? The North Pole points more toward the Sun during the summer.

26. # 28. When will the amount of sunlight and the amount of darkness in during one day be exactly the same? Vernal Equinox and Autumnal Equinox

27. New Moon

28. Waxing Crescent

29. First Quarter

30. Waxing Gibbous

31. Full Moon

32. Waning Gibbous

33. Third Quarter

34. Waning Crescent

35. #30 A Lunar Eclipse is when the Earth blocks the sun’s light from reaching the moon. Lunar Eclipse can only happen at night.

36. #31 Draw a Lunar Eclipse

37. #32. A Solar Eclipse is when the Moon blocks the sun’s light from reaching the Earth. Solar Eclipse can only happen during the day.

39. #33. Draw a Solar Eclipse

40. #34 Solar eclipses rarely occur because the moon's orbit is tilted in relation to the Earth's orbit.

41. #35. The Earth rotates on its axis at a tilt of 23.5°. This causes our seasons. What would happen to the summer in the Northern Hemisphere if the axis tilt was changed to 30 degrees? The temperatures would be warmer in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer.

42. #36. What would happen to the summer in the Northern Hemisphere if the axis tilt was changed to 15 degrees? The temperatures would be cooler in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer.

43. #37. What would happen if the Earth rotated faster (in fewer days) around the sun? One year would be shorter.

44. #38. What would happen if the Earth took longer to rotate around the sun? One year would be longer.

45. #39. What would happen if the spin of the Earth’s on its axis was faster? The days would be shorter.

46. #40. What would happen if it took the Earth longer to spin on axis? The days would be longer.

47. #41. Which event in the life cycle of a star causes it to begin to glow? The temperature of the star mass increases.

48. #42. The main component of most stars is hydrogen.

49. #43. What is a pulsar? a supernova that is spinning rapidly