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HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES

HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS. Represent the chemically active portion of an organic molecule Responsible for many of the physical properties of that hydrocarbon like solubility, melting and boiling point. ALCOHOLS. R—OH

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HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES

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  1. HYDROCARBON DERIVATIVES

  2. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS • Represent the chemically active portion of an organic molecule • Responsible for many of the physical properties of that hydrocarbon like solubility, melting and boiling point

  3. ALCOHOLS • R—OH • The –OH group can be on any of the carbons, so the name must reflect which carbon has the hydroxyl group • Used as fuels, antifreeze, antiseptics and alcoholic beverages

  4. HOW DO YOU NAME THEM? • Count: identify the longest chain that includes the hydroxyl group • Identify the suffix • -ol for alcohols after you drop the –e on the parent alkane Make sure that the carbon with the hydroxyl has the lowest number If there is more than one hydroxyl, place a prefix (di, tri, tetra) in front of the suffix after the position numbers

  5. Let's try some 

  6. HALOALKANES • R—X, where X is a halogen • These are synthetic compounds that have been used as refrigerants and propellants in spray cans • Huge environmental implications in terms of CFC (cholorofluorcarbons) and ozone depletion 

  7. HOW DO YOU NAME THEM? • Count to identify the longest chain that contains the halogen • Assign a position number to each halogen • Use prefix to identify the halogen • Chloro, fluoro, bromo, iodo Write the prefixes alphabetically Be sure to name and number any other alkyl side chains in the prefix

  8. Let's try some!  • Draw 1, 3-dichloro-3-fluoro – 2-methylbutane

  9. ALDEHYDES • Terminal carbonyl • Used in preservatives of dissection specimens

  10. HOW DO WE NAME THEM? • Count the longest chain that includes the carbonyl • Name the parent alkane, drop the –e and replace with –al • No postion number is necessary as the aldehyde group is always terminal • Handle alkyl sides chains in the prefix as usual

  11. Let's try some!  • Draw 3-methylpentanal

  12. KETONES • Carbonyl group is sandwiched between carbons • Ketones are excellent solvents due to the polar carbonyl group e.g. acetone

  13. HOW DO WE NAME THEM? • Count the longest chain that contains the carbonyl • Drop the –e on the parent alkane and replace with the ending –one • Give the carbonyl a position number before the -one • If more than one carbonyl, use prefix (di, tri, tetra) before the –one • Handle the alkyl attachments as per usual in the prefix

  14. Let's try some!  • Butanone • Why is there no position number? • 2-methylhexan-3,4-dione

  15. HOMEWORK  • Alcohols : pg 45 #7584 • Halides: pg 49 # 8595 • Aldehydes: pg 52 # 96105 • Ketones: pg 56 # 106115 • Have fun and check your work with a buddy or the back of the book or with me 

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