Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Aldehydes and Ketones

1. SCH4U Spring 2012 Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Aldehydes and Ketones

2. Aldehydes (suffix: -al) • Contain a formyl group (-CHO) • Contains a carbonyl group (-C=O) • Always found at the end of a hydrocarbon chain • Examples:

3. Naming Aldehydes • Identify the root • Locate the longest chain that includes the formyl group • Name the parent alkane (drop the –e on the parent alkane to get the root) • Identify the suffix • Identify the prefix • Number the main carbon chain (the carbon atom is the formyl group is always carbon atom 1) • Name and give the position of any alkyl side groups • Name the compound • There are no spaces between the prefix, root and suffix

4. Questions • Name each aldehyde:

5. Questions • Draw the condensed structural formula for each aldehyde: • 3-methylbutanal • 2-methylpropanal • Draw the line structural formula for each aldehyde: • 2-chloroethanal • 4,4-diethylhexanal

6. Ketones (suffix: -one) • Contain a carbonyl group (-C=O) • The carbon atom in the carbonyl group is bonded to two carbon atoms or carbon chains • They may be either the same or different from each other • Have at least three carbon atoms • Examples:

7. Naming Ketones • Identify the root • Locate the longest chain that includes the carbonyl carbon atom • Name the parent alkane (drop the –e on the parent alkane to get the root) • Identify the suffix • Start numbering at the end of the carbon chain that is the closest to the carbonyl carbon atom • Determine the number of the carbonyl carbon atom • Identify the prefix • Name and number any alkyl side groups • Name the compound

8. Questions • Name each ketone:

9. Questions • Draw the condensed structural formula for each ketone: • Propanone • 3-ethylhexan-2-one • Draw the line structural formula for each ketone: • 4,4-diethylhexane-2,3-dione • 3-methylpentan-2-one