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Classification

Classification. Species of Organisms. There are 13 billion known species of organisms New organisms are still being found and identified . What is Classification?. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities

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Classification

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  1. Classification

  2. Species of Organisms • There are 13 billion known species of organisms • New organisms are still being found and identified

  3. What is Classification? • Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities • Classification is also known as taxonomy • Taxonomists are scientists that identify & name organisms

  4. Benefits of Classifying • Accurately & uniformly in the naming of organisms • Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish • Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names Sea”horse”??

  5. Confusion in Using Different Languages for Names

  6. Latin Names are Understood by all Taxonomists

  7. Carolus Linnaeus1707 – 1778 • 18th century taxonomist • Classified organisms by their structure • Developed naming system still used today

  8. Carolus Linnaeus • Called the “Father of Taxonomy” • Developed the modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature • Two-word name (Genus & species)

  9. Standardized Naming • Binomial nomenclature used • Genus species • Latin or Greek • Italicized in print • Capitalize genus, but NOT species • Underline when writing Turdus migratorius American Robin

  10. Classification Groups • Taxon ( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed • There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific • Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species

  11. Hierarchy-Taxonomic Groups • Domain • Kingdom • Phylum (Division – used for plants) • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species BROADEST TAXON

  12. Domain-Eukarya • Did • King • Phillip • Come • Over • For • Gooseberry • Soup?

  13. Dichotomous Key • Used to identify organisms • Characteristics given in pairs • Read both characteristics and either go to another set of characteristics OR identify the organism

  14. 1a Tentacles present – Go to 2 1b Tentacles absent – Go to 5 2a Eight Tentacles – Octopus 2b More than 8 tentacles – 3 3a Tentacles hang down – go to 4 3b Tentacles upright–Sea Anemone 4a Balloon-shaped body–Jellyfish 4b Body NOT balloon-shaped – go to 5 Etc……. Example of Dichotomous Key

  15. Domains • Broadest, most inclusive taxon • Three domains • ArchaeaandEubacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) • Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

  16. Archaea live in harsh environments and may represent the first cells to have evolved. Sewage treatment plants, thermal vents, etc.

  17. Eubacteria, some of which cause human diseases, are present in almost all habitats on earth. Live in the intestines of animals Many bacteria are important environmentally and commercially.

  18. Domain Eukarya is Divided into Kingdoms • Protista (protozoans, algae…) • Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) • Plantae (multicellular plants) • Animalia (multicellular animals)

  19. Basis for Modern Taxonomy • Homologous structures (same structure, different function) • Similar embryo development • Similarity in DNA, RNA, or amino acid sequence of Proteins- Most powerful evidence!!!!

  20. Homologous Structures show Similarities in mammals.

  21. Similarities in Vertebrate Embryos

  22. Cladogram • Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales

  23. The End

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