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language. Numbers. Numbers represent any integral or fractional number. 1, 1.5, -10 All the usual arithmetic operators are available. 1 + 2, 3 / 2.5, 10 < 20, 5 = 5 More math goodness in math math->sin(3.2). Text. A piece of text is called a String . "Hello"

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  1. language

  2. Numbers • Numbers represent any integral or fractional number. 1, 1.5, -10 • All the usual arithmetic operators are available. 1 + 2, 3 / 2.5, 10 < 20, 5 = 5 • More math goodness in math math->sin(3.2)

  3. Text • A piece of text is called a String. "Hello" • You can glue strings together using || "Hello " || "world" • You can access the number of characters (count) and each character individually (at). "Hello"->count 5 "Hello"->at(0) H

  4. local variables • alocal variable holds a value in memory; a local variable can be read or written too. • definition var x := 0 • reading x->post to wall • update with new value x := 5

  5. while loops • while loop: repeats the same code while the condition holds • definition while ... do ... true or false happens when true

  6. for loops • for loop: repeats the same code multiple times • definition for 0 ≤ index < count do ... • index starts at 0, increments by 1 on each iteration and finishes at count-1. index goes through 0, 1, 2, … , count-1

  7. for each loops • for each loop: repeats the same code for each element of a collection • definition for each song in media->songs do... song goes through every song in songs

  8. Boolean values • a Boolean value may be trueor false • definition var b := truevar c := false

  9. if .. then .. else .. if statement: executes different code based on a Boolean condition if ... then ... else ... true or false happens when true happens when false

  10. actions functions: a collection of lines of code with a name that one can call. Functions can have inputs and outputs. action square(x : Number) returns r : Number r := x * x x is an input, it is a number the action is called ‘square’ r is an output, it is a number storing x*x into r

  11. ‘not’ operator • examples not true = false not false = true not (not true) = true

  12. ‘or’ operator • examples true or false = true false or true = true false or false = false

  13. ‘and’ operator • examples • true and false = false • false and true = false • true and true = true

  14. arithmetic operators • compares 2 numbers and returns a Boolean value • x < y = true if x is less than y; otherwise x < y = false. • x ≤y = true if x is less or equal than y; otherwise x ≤y = false.

  15. global variables • a global variable is variables available in all actions and events; a global variable can be read or written to. • global variables are stored under data. In the editor, data-> is shortened to the square symbol. • reading data->x->post to wall • update with new value data->x:= 5

  16. scope • the scope of a local variable is the area of code where this local variable exists; the scope is the outermost block of code. action go()var x := 0 for 0 ≤ index < count dovar y : = 0 scope of x scope of y

  17. while vs for • a for loop can be written as a while loop • for: • while: for 0 ≤ index < 11 do index->post to wall var index := 0 while index < 10 do index->post to wall index := index + 1

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