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The American-Vietnamese Relationship (the early years). 1887-1940: Vietnam under French control Vietminh *** emerge to resist French Vietminh: Vietnamese Communist Party Led by Ho, Giap 1940-1945: WWII France defeated by Nazi Germany Japan invades and takes over Vietnam; “Asia for Asians.”
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The American-Vietnamese Relationship (the early years) • 1887-1940: Vietnam under French control • Vietminh*** emerge to resist French • Vietminh: Vietnamese Communist Party • Led by Ho, Giap • 1940-1945: WWII • France defeated by Nazi Germany • Japan invades and takes over Vietnam; “Asia for Asians.” • 1945: Japan defeated • The future of Vietnam: ??? • ***Vietnamese Communist Party led by Ho Chi Minh
OSS Deer Team • Goal: Find American pilots shot down by the Japanese over Vietnam during WWII. • Members: Archimedes Patti, Lulu Conein, Peter Dewey…
The French-Indochina War 1946-1954
Vietminh (Vietnamese Communists) vs. French/Vietnamese Allies
What’s Changed Since WWII? • Chinese Communist Revolution (Mao) • Korean War/Truce • Containment Policy – George Kennan • NSC-68 • Domino Theory • Ike is Pres
Dien Bien Phu • 50,000 Vietminh troops • Trenches and artillery surround base • 15,000 French troops in fortified base • French can only be supplied by air
From inside DBP • “Final success belongs to him who holds out to the last moment. I am convinced it will be the valorous soldiers of DeCastries who will hold out to the last moment.” Navarre 4/54 • “I’m going to kick General Giap’s teeth in, one by one.” DeCastries 4/54 • “I am determined to prolong resistance of Dienbienphu as long as possible.” Navarre 4/54 • “We can keep fighting for only ten more minutes. Shall we surrender?” Outpost commander 5/54 • “The Viets are infiltrating massively through strongpoints in the west. The central fort is about to be fully overrun. Further resistance is becoming hopeless. This may finish us.” DeCastries 5/54 • “We will fight to the end. Au revoir, mon general. Au revoir, mes camarades. Viva la France!” DeCastries 5/54 • Vietminh to French officer: “C’est fini?” “Oui, c’est fini,” replied the colonel.
American Support for the French ? “The Americans will not let us down. The free world will not let us down. They may come.” (Supposedly the US offered Fr 2 “tactical nukes” to relieve DBP – Ike said NO!!!)
Dien Bien Phu “It was all for nothing.” French officer What is the significance of the French defeat @ DBP?