Richard Feynman, Prelude in Eb minor and Meaning of It All Public Lecture by Vladimir Chaloupka

1. Richard Feynman, Prelude in Eb minor and Meaning of It All Public Lecture by Vladimir Chaloupka May 10, 2012 6:30 – 8:00 PM Geballe Auditorium PAA 102, Physics/Astronomy building

2. ABSTRACT On the eve of what would have been Richard Feynman’s 94th birthday, and at the conclusion of the “Feynman year” at the UW, the lecture will celebrate his wisdom, love of life, love of science and love of doubt. We will recall Feynman’s distaste for formal pomp and circumstance, Physics Nobel Prize and all, and we shall acknowledge his passion for drumming as well as his regrettable attitude towards classical music. Some rare as well as not-so–rare clips and still images will be shown and discussed. Feynman’s “Central Mystery of Quantum Mechanics” will be formulated for poets and musicians, and – maybe - physicists will appreciate it from a new point of view. A suitable choice for an advance reading might be the Study Guide[1] for Feynman’s “Meaning of It All” that was chosen as the UW Common Book for 2011/2012. For the most part, the lecture will be lighthearted, but when we do get serious, we will illustrate what is perhaps the single most important sentence from that Guide: Richard Feynman “was an extraordinary human being, and to study the complexities of his life will help you to deal with the complexities of your own.” [1] Please see www.phys.washington.edu/users/vladi/CommonBook

3. CV of VC: Vladi Chaloupka was born in what is now the Czech Republic, when it was under Nazi occupation. He grew up in the country subsequently dominated by the Soviet Union. In 1968 he experienced a “shock and awe” invasion, and escaped to Switzerland. There he obtained his PhD in Physics from the University of Geneva, and worked as a particle physicist at CERN. In 1975 he moved to the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in California, and in 1981 he came to the University of Washington. After a career in experimental elementary particle physics, he is now working on merging his life experience with his three passions: science, music and human affairs, into one coherent whole. At the University of Washington, Dr. Chaloupka is Professor of Physics, Adjunct Professor at the School of Music, and Adjunct Professor at the Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies.

4. Richard Feynman, Prelude in Eb minor and Meaning of It All Richard Feynman would have hated this lecture Prelude in Eb minor ??? “Classical music – music in the European tradition – he found not just dull but positively unpleasant. Above all it was the experience of listening that he could not stand.”

5. But maybe not. What he hated was the pomp and snobism, but he was keenly interested in learning new things, and maybe he would have appreciated the complex issues of music notation we will briefly discuss, as well as the use of music for very complex purposes.

6. Intro: Feynman and Bach Feynman Facts Illustrated. Selected Issues in (some) Depth: Central Mystery of Quantum Mechanics Grand Tour: At Home in the Universe Doubt and Faith; Science and Religion Bach Prelude in Eb and Chopin Etude in C# Meaning of It All

7. Vladimir (Vladi) Chaloupka • At the University of Washington, Dr. Chaloupka is Professor of Physics, Adjunct Professor at the School of Music, and Adjunct Professor at the Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies. • (and he also is, BY FAR, the most modest professor on campus …) • After a career in experimental elementary particle physics, he is now working on merging his life experience with his three passions: science, music and human affairs, into one coherent whole. • Note: This is not just a compilation of Feynman quotes and reminiscences. This is a celebration of what I believe is the Feynman spirit: a substantial Feynman-inspired lecture, with some original and perhaps controversial views. We will carefully distinguish the views of: • Richard Feynman • VC • And views of VC are not necessarily shared by the assistants: Vladi’s students Alexa Erdogan, William Fortney, Cameron Gerholt, Linda Thanh Duong, Eduardo Chiprez, Monica Torres and Austin Hackett. • nor by the Physics Dept. or by the UW

8. Feynman Facts, Illustrated Richard Phillips Feynman was born on May 11, 1918 in New York. By the age of 15 he taught himself differential and integral calculus. As a boy, Feynman taught himself to repair radio sets. Here he describes his interaction with an unfriendly customer: [the guy] says: "What are you doing? You come to fix the radio, but now you're only walking back and forth!" I say, "I am thinking!". Then I said to myself , "All right, take the tubes out, and reverse the order" ... so I changed the tubes around, stepped to the front of the radio, turned the thing on, and it's as quiet as a lamb: it waits until it heats up, and then plays perfectly - no noise. When a person has been negative to you , and then you do something like that, they're usually a hundred percent the other way, kind of to compensate. He got me other jobs, and kept telling everybody what a tremendous genius I was, saying, "He fixes radios by thinking!" The whole idea of thinking, to fix a radio - a little boy stops and thinks, and figures out how to do it - he never thought that was possible.

9. He obtained his PhD from the Princeton University; his biographer James Gleick wrote: " At twenty-three ... there was no physicist on earth who could match his exuberant command over the native materials of theoretical science." When Feynman gave his first seminar at Princeton, Albert Einstein came to listen. In WWII Feynman joined the Manhattan project building the first nuclear weapons; at age 24 he was appointed a group leader at Los Alamos. Feynman and the Bomb: “Soon [others] will be able to do to Columbus, Ohio, what we did to Hiroshima. And we scientists are clever – too clever – are you not satisfied? Is four square miles in one bomb not enough? Just tell us how big you want it!”

10. In 1965 he received the Nobel prize for his fundamental contribution to Quantum Electrodynamics - the “QED” theory that explains, in Dirac words, "much of physics and all of chemistry“.

11. Gradually, Feynman developed an extraordinary teaching ability (witness the famous "Feynman Lectures on Physics" and the Oerstead Medal. With his easily recognizable accent of a "philosopher from Brooklyn", he mixed the most advanced concepts in physics with jokes, clever ideas and deep insights into human condition. On the first day of class, Scott recalled,"in the hall, there were 183 new freshman and a bowling ball hanging from the three-story ceiling to just above the floor. Feynman walked in, and without a word, grabbed the ball and backed against the wall with the ball touching his nose. He let go, and the ball swung slowly 60 feet across the room and back--stopping naturally, just short of crushing his face. Then he took the ball again, stepped forward, and said: 'I wanted to show you that I believe in what I'm going to teach you over the next two years."

13. Alan Harris writes: "Perhaps my most striking memory of a Feynman lecture was not of one I attended, but of one being prepared for the class ahead of me. I was doing my weekly lab work in the freshman physics lab. At one point, as I walked out into the hall to get a drink of water, I heard a familiar voice coming from the lecture room at the other end of the hall. I peeked in to discover Feynman practicing to an empty lecture hall the lecture he was to deliver an hour or so later. It was a full dress rehearsal, with all the gestures, enthusiasm, and chalkboard notations. The excellent choreography [of his lectures] was no accident. What impressed me so deeply was that here was the world's most famous living physicist taking such care to present this material to lower-division undergraduates."

14. Feynman and philosophy Feynman was openly hostile toward scholarly philosophy, and did not hesitate to express his opinions clearly. There is this story about the whole Philosophy department marching out of the middle of a lecture he was invited to give at some university (there is some evidence that it was in fact the UW Department of Psychology during Feynman’s visit here).. And yet, he was quite a philosopher himself, his "Brooklyn" accent and all. It often seems as if he wanted to show what a "folk-philosopher" can contribute. And indeed - I find myself touched - both intellectually as well as emotionally – more by Feynman's "amateurish" rumbling on imagination, doubt and God, than by learned, scholarly papers and books by specialists. It is a great mind that speaks - as Marvin Goldberger writes in "Most of the good stuff“: [for Feynman] "it didn't matter what the subject was; everything was challenge to be understood, and usually in a totally unexpected way. He approached problems with the attitude of a brilliant child unencumbered with inhibitions of previous knowledge".

15. And part of Feynman attraction to the public, and his problem with the “scholars”, was his plain language. From “Is Electricity Fire” in “Classic Feynman”: When Feynman participated in an interdisciplinary conference, the stenographer said to him: “Surely you are not a professor?”. “Why do you think so? “. Well, “when the other fellas talk, I type what they say, but I don’t understand what they’re saying. But every time you get up to ask a question or to say something, I understand exactly what you mean ... so I thought you can’t be a professor.”

16. In his "extracurricular activities" Feynman cracked a Mayan code, played bongo drums and planned a trip to Tuva to hear the art of throat singing. In 1986, he helped solve the Challenger space shuttle disaster on live TV during the Committee Hearing. In addition to the work that was rewarded by a Nobel Prize in Physics (1964), Feynman wrote a short paper that is considered as the foundation of the whole new field of Nanotechnology, and another short paper that is considered as a foundation of the whole new field of Quantum Computing. His bongo drumming was competent (and enthusiastic) and his drawing and paintings were interesting (even exhibited and sold …).

18. In personal life Feynman was a loving husband, then a wild womanizer, then loving husband again. Here is how Freeman Dyson describes a 1946 cross-country trip when they were caught up in a storm: "The hotels were filled to capacity with stranded travelers. We were lucky to find a room which Dick and I could share for 50 cents each. In that little room, with the rain drumming on the dirty window panes, we talked the night through. Dick talked of his dead wife, of the joy he had had in nursing her and making her last days tolerable, of the tricks they played together on the Los Alamos security people, of her jokes and courage. He talked of death with the easy familiarity which can come only to one who has lived with spirit unbroken through the worst that death can do."

19. He was modest and self-aggrandizing at the same time. Feynman's colleague at Caltech and fellow Nobel Prize winner Murray Gell-Mann wrote: "[Feynman]surrounded himself with a cloud of myth, and he spent a great deal of time and energy generating anecdotes about himself. ... Many of the anecdotes arose, of course, through the stories Richard told, of which he was generally the hero, and in which he had to come out, if possible, looking smarter than anyone else.“ Somewhat strangely, Gell-Mann wrote this in Feynman’s obituary. Most colleagues would choose different occasion for such a reminiscence, or a different reminiscence for such an occasion – but this was Murray Gell-Mann ….

20. He was very kind and thoughtful most of the time, but very rude some of the time. In 1966 a Swedish encyclopedia publisher wrote asking for a photograph of Feynman "beating the drum" to give "a human approach to a presentation of the difficult matter that theoretical physics represents." This was his reply: Dear Sir, The fact that I beat a drum has nothing to do with the fact that I do theoretical physics. Theoretical physics is a human endeavor, one of the higher developments of human beings, and the perpetual desire to prove that people who do it are human by showing that they do other things that a few other humans do (like playing bongo drums) is insulting to me. I am human enough to tell you to go to hell. Yours, RPF

21. A complaint about his behavior, from a Caltech colleague: Dear Dr. Feynman, I believe that your comments at last week's Physics Colloquium were arrogant, rude, and disruptive. In addition your attitude appeared to encourage students (or post-docs?) sitting near you. Their persistent giggling and snickering was annoying and rude. Please consider this. I remain, however, a great admirer of yours. Sincerely, Heidi Houston. Feynman replied by an Interoffice memorandum: Thank you for your observations on my behavior at the Colloquium. You are probably right. ---------------------

22. … on the other hand: Feynman's thoughtful reply to a letter from a scholar from the Humanities: Dear Mrs. Kamp, Thank you for your fan letter. There are certainly more mysteries than knowledge and, perhaps, more ways of finding things out than science. I like science because when you think of something you can check it by experiment; "yes" or "no", Nature says, and you go from there progressively. Other wisdom has no equally certain way of separating truth from falsehood. So I have taken the easy course with easy methods, while [you] are pursuing far more difficult matters with less to guide you. Good luck with your endeavors. Sincerely, Richard P. Feynman

23. And an apology to Swedish people: And so, you Swedish people, with your honors, and your trumpets, and your king - forgive me. For I understand at last - such things provide entrance to the heart. Used by a wise and peaceful people they can generate good feeling, even love, among men, even in lands far beyond your own. For that lesson, I thank you. Tack![1] [1]Tack = Thank you in Swedish

24. Since 1978, Feynman went through four major surgeries for his cancer, with remarkable courage and equanimity. He died on February 15, 1988. Richard Feynman was an extraordinary human being, and to study the complexities of his life may help you to deal with the complexities of your own. --------------- End of the Feynman Facts Illustrated

25. Feynman’s Central Mystery Of Quantum Physics……

26. Example of Modern Physics: The Central Mystery of Quantum Physics 1) click, click,..

27. Example of Modern Physics: The Central Mystery of Quantum Physics 2) No clicks

28. Example of Modern Physics: The Central Mystery of Quantum Physics 3) click, click, …

29. Example of Modern Physics: The Central Mystery of Quantum Physics 4) No clicks

30. So, we conclude (paraphrasing Einstein) that the most incomprehensible thing about quantum mechanics is that it appears to be comprehensible. Some 30 years ago, physicists (following Feynman) decided to stop agonizing about the mystery of Quantum, and took it as resource to be exploited => the field of Quantum Computing was born. And we warn you to beware of claims such as: “We now know that the moon is demonstrably not there when nobody looks.” Quantum Physics says goodbye to reality. Your observation not only creates a current reality, it also creates the history appropriate to that reality." And especially: do not take seriously concepts such as: Knocking on Heaven’s door Being on the threshold of reading His thoughts The God Particle These are signs of arrogance, ignorance or just a bad taste, and some would say blasphemy.

31. Grand Tour: At Home in the Universe the extremely small:       antiprotons, quarks, neutrinos, ... the extremely large:      Sun / galaxies / superclusters of galaxies the extremely fast:      Einstein's Special Relativity: simultaneity/spacetime the extremely massive:      Einstein's General Relativity: Black Holes And, in the middle of all scales, the extremely complex:      Molecular Biology / human brain / Art of Fugue

33. Slide to keep in mind during the Tour It is a great adventure to contemplate the universe beyond man, to think of what it means without man - as it was for the great part of its long history, and as it is in the great majority of places. When this objective view is finally attained, and the mystery and majesty of matter are appreciated, to then turn the objective eye back on man viewed as matter, to see life as part of the universal mystery of greatest depth, is to sense an experience which is rarely described. Richard Feynman

34. Tracks of “elementary particles” (proton, anti-proton, electron, positron , …) in a liguid hydrogen Bubble Chamber. Size of an anti-proton is about 0.000,000,000,001 m.

35. Fig. 19: Marvelous Molecular machines. Left: “spontaneous” assembly and disassembly of a microtubule. Above: a kinesin molecule[sic] walks[sic] along a microtubule, carrying an organelle Both pix from inside(!) a cell of dia ~ 0.000,010 m See http://multimedia.mcb.harvard.edu/anim_innerlife_hi.html And recall spliceosome, topoisomerase, aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, ribosome,…

36. Our Sun, 8 light minutes away, about 1,400,000 km in diameter (cf. Earth 12,000 km dia)

37. Stars orbiting a black hole (with a mass of 3.6 million Suns) in center of Milky Way, 26,000 light years away. (You have to view this in the slide show mode to see the animation.)

38. The Andromeda Galaxy: 2 million light years away. The most distant object visible by naked eye (you have to know where to look, and find a really dark place, but the experience is very much worth it!) Note: for details on when and how to see Andromeda, see http://www.physics.ucla.edu/ ~huffman/m31.html

39. Each white dot represent a galaxy (with about 100 billions stars each) as determined by the measurement results of the “2df galaxy survey”. Note the distance scale.

40. Black hole (2.6 billion Suns) at the center of galaxy M87, 54 million light years away. The faint yellow cloud is the galaxy itself; the visible dots are globular star clusters (see next slide).

41. Globular cluster Omega Centauri

42. Hubble Ultra Deep Field, with galaxies up to 13 billion light years away

44. Only one thing comes to mind: Psalm 19.1 [For the choir director; a psalm by David.] The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky displays what his hands have made. and this comes to mind of believer and an (educated) unbeliever alike

45. In some respects, science has far surpassed religion in delivering awe. How is it that hardly any major religion has looked at science and concluded, "This is better than we thought! The Universe is much bigger than our prophets said, grander, more subtle, more elegant. God must be even greater than we dreamed"? A religion, old or new, that stressed the magnificence of the Universe as revealed by modern science might be able to draw forth reserves of reverence and awe hardly tapped by the conventional faiths. Carl Sagan in Pale Blue Dot

46. Science and Religion, Doubt and Faith. “For the student, when he learns about science, there are two sources of difficulty in trying to weld science and reli­gion together. The first source of difficulty is this - that it is imperative in science to doubt; it is absolutely necessary, for progress in science, to have uncertainty as a fundamental part of your inner nature. The second difficulty: “Man is a late­comer in a vast evolving drama; can the rest be but a scaf­folding for his creation? … [The scientific views] appear to be so deep and so impressive that the theory that it is all arranged simply as a stage for God to watch man's struggle for good and evil seems to be inadequate.”    It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress which comes from a satisfactory philosophy of ignorance, the great progress which is the fruit of freedom of thought, to proclaim the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.“ Richard Feynman

47. Science and Spirituality (as seen by VC) Science is compatible with Faith. Example: Francis Collins, Director of NIH: Slide 1: “Almighty God, who is not limited in space or time, created a universe 13.7 billion years ago with its parameters precisely tuned to allow the development of complexity over long periods of time.” Slide 2: “God’s plan included the mechanism of evolution to create the marvelous diversity of living things on our planet. Most especially, that creative plan included human beings.”

48. Slide 3: “After evolution had prepared a sufficiently advanced ‘house’ (the human brain), God gifted humanity with the knowledge of good and evil (the moral law), with free will, and with an immortal soul.” Slide 4: “We humans used our free will to break the moral law, leading to our estrangement from God. For Christians, Jesus is the solution to that estrangement.”

49. But the principal aspect of evolution is suffering. Carl Sagan: “In many nonhuman mammals, brothers and sisters of the same litter compete for access to nipples; often, there is a least competent infant, unsuccessful in elbowing its way to a nipple —the runt of the litter, who becomes progressively weaker with each failed attempt to nurse. Such competitions weed out the weak. Concern about cruelty and suffering doesn't, so far as we know, enter into it.” So, are you really comfortable with a God using Evolution as His tool? Note that this is not “Problem of Evil”, this is Problem of Suffering”. (And then you perhaps feel some empathy towards the consistent creationists!)

50. So science is compatible with Faith (or rather: Faith “can” be made compatible with Science if you try hard enough, and if you interpret the Scriptures flexibly enough) But Science does not emphasize Faith Science emphasizes the importance of Doubt