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US Home-Front during WWII

Government expansion, and civil liberties. US Home-Front during WWII. Industrial Production. US government organizes agencies to mobilize economic and military resources 1942- War Productions Board (WPB)- Manage industries

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US Home-Front during WWII

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  1. Government expansion, and civil liberties US Home-Front during WWII

  2. Industrial Production • US government organizes agencies to mobilize economic and military resources • 1942- War Productions Board (WPB)- Manage industries • Office of War management (OWM)- production priorities, and control of war materials • Office of Price Administration (OPA)-freeze prices, wages, rent, set up rationing (meat, sugar, gasoline, auto tires) • Economy is stimulated by the demand for government contracts- unemployment will practically be gone http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3eoE12ywDzA

  3. Industrial Production • War production by 1944 will be 2x of all the AXIS powers combined. • Unions- will not strike due to the Smith-Connelly Act; allows the army to take over workers threatening to strike • Financing the war- (100 billion spent in 1945) • Increase income tax- in 1944 it will be withheld from individual pay checks • Sell War Bonds • Shortage of consumer goods make it easy for Americans to save

  4. War’s Impact on Society • African Americans • 1.5 million will leave the south for jobs in the North and West • Serve in the Armed forces (Tuskegee Airmen) • Face discrimination and segregation • Race riots in NYC and Detroit (Summer of 1943) • Double V slogan- Victory over Fascism in Europe and Victory for Equality at home • A. Phillip Randolph- March on Washington- end discrimination in hiring for defense industries- FDR issues executive order 8802 (Fair Employment Act) • Membership of the NAACP will increase during war • CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) 1942- pacifists following Thoreau, and Gandhi Tuskegee Airmen

  5. War’s Impact on Society • Mexican Americans • Worked in defense industries over 300,000 • Braceros- Mexican Farm Workers allowed into the US w/o formal immigration procedures • Influx of Mexican-Americans leads to white resentment- Zoot Suit Riots (summer 1943)- battle on the street

  6. War’s Impact on Society • Native Americans • 25,000 will serve in the military • Work in defense industries • More then ½ will not return to reservations (Code Talkers)

  7. War’s Impact on Society • Japanese-Americans • Associated with wartime enemy • 20,000 native born Japanese will serve in the military (442nd ) • Treated as potential spies and saboteurs- US thought invasion was imminent • 1942- US government will order 100,000 Japanese-Americans to leave homes on the west coast and move to internment camps (9066) • Korematsu vs. the US- Supreme Court justified executive order 9066 because we were at war- In 1988 the federal government will award financial compensation to those affected by executive order 9066 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oq6UTgH2DI8

  8. War’s Impact on Society • Women • 200,000 will serve in the military- noncombatant roles • “Rosie the Riveter”; symbolize the typical women war production worker • Like WWI will take jobs formally done by men • 5 million will enter the workforce (shipyards, defense plants) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iUg3bWC1VxA&feature=PlayList&p=1956F7A192F76F7B&playnext=1&index=5 • Paid below male workers

  9. War’s Impact on Society • Propaganda • Posters, songs, news bulletins- maintain public moral • Encourage sacrifice, and conservation to increase war production. • Office of War Information- control news about troop movements and battles • Movies, radio, pop music- support cheerful, patriotic view of war http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1i6ozLpNr3Q (Education for Death via Disney) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5W_j3UjPT10 (Spirit of ‘43) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=el5hxlEk-KI (Out of the frying pan and into the firing line) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhw8k5Mzoxo (Private Pluto) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mgpvKXLTwr8 (new hair)

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