Welcome “ Preflight Briefing ”

1. Welcome “Preflight Briefing” Seat Belt ? Emergency Exits ? Loss of Cabin Pressure ? Overwater Flight ! Now Seriously…

2. OVERWATER FLIGHT Ditching And Water Survival Bob Wolin Adapted largely from a presentation by David C. “Hoss” Robertson

3. “FLIGHT PLAN” Threat of Ditching Before You Go Survival Equipment Offshore Operations Ditching Procedures Ditching Checklist Splashdown & Egress Survival in the Water Rescue Helicopter Pick-up

4. CAP REQUIREMENTS • Overwater = Flight past power off gliding distance from land • Flights are limited to 50 NM from shore, except with NOC approval • All crew and Pax must wear life preservers • Inflatable rafts for all on board • Anti-exposure suits if water is 60 degrees or less, unless waived by Wing Commander • Must have a pyrotechnic signaling device • Airborne repeater must be used of out of radio range • Night over-water – both pilot and observer must be instrument qualified and current • CD – CAPR 60-6 §3-2 a.2. – PIC 500 hours and instrument qualified and current

5. Threat of Ditching Topics include… Weather Fuel Exhaustion Air Crew Member Fatigue Mechanical Failure

6. Weather Get Detailed Preflight Briefing Get In-flight Updates Watch Changing Weather Patterns

7. Fuel Exhaustion Fill Tanks to Weight Limit Monitor Fuel Usage Do NOT Fly Into Fuel Reserve FAR 91.151 VFR/Day = intended landing plus 30 minutes VFR/Night = “ “ “ 45 minutes FAR 91.167 For IFR Requirements

8. Air Crew Member Fatigue Do NOT Fly Unless Healthy AIM “IM-SAFE” Checklist Abort Flight If Feeling Ill Be Honest with Yourself & Crew Lookout for Each Other Don’t be a “Hero” Train Observers to “Pinch Hit” Not scheduled for more than 8 flight hours May not exceed 10 hours flight time during a 14-hour crew duty day, without wing commander approval! 10-hour crew rest period between duty days

9. AIM “IM-SAFE” Checklist Illness Medication Stress Alcohol Fatigue Emotion/Eating &Exercise

10. Mechanical Failure Annual Aircraft / 100 hour Inspection Conduct a Thorough Pre-flight Inspection & Use the Checklist! ABORT Flight at The FIRST Sign of Trouble

11. Before You Go Topics include… Dress For The Flight Inspect Survival Gear Crew Briefing Flight Planning Air Traffic Rules

12. Dress For The Flight Based On the Mission & PIC Keep Critical Items On You! Nomex Flightsuit -or- Mustang suit / Aircrew Dry Coverall, if water temp is below 60 F & air temp below 85 Polyester? No, due to fire characteristics!(OK, for passengers). Hearing Protection, but no hats on the flight line!

13. Mustang “Gumby” ADC Suits ADC/Survival Suit required when…

14. Mustang “Gumby” ADC Suits MAC 10 or MAC 100 Nomex, flightsuit style design & storage pockets Buoyancy of 18 – 21 lbs, more than the 15.5 lbs required for a PFD Neoprene hood & inflatable survival mitts optional.

15. Inspect Survival Gear Inventory Items - Location of Equipment (aircraft, raft, PFD?) Check Battery Life - Radios/Lights Expiration Dates on Flares Condition of Flotation Gear - PFDs -Rafts More on Survival Equipment Shortly

16. Crew/Passenger Briefing Operation of Aircraft Exits & Seat Belts Location of Survival Equipment/Rafts Use of Personal Flotation Devices (PFDs) & Communications Gear Crew/Passenger Discipline Emergency Alerting Signals Required Actions In Case of Ditching Emergency Egress Procedures & After Egress Plan

17. Flight Planning FAA Flight Plan (VFR & IFR) Check ALL Available Resources Military Airfield Clearance/DD-175? DVFR Flight Plan and Discrete Codes? Radio Guard & Radio Log VFR/Local Area, To & From Air Station File With a “Cap Flight” #, not “N”

18. Aircraft Traffic Rules MUST Follow FARs Do not Annoy Persons, Wildlife or Property Squawk Codes for SAR & VFR “OPS NORMAL” Reports, Single-Engine = 15 minutes, Multi-Engine = 30 minutes Consider hazardous 10 minute reporting with the Hazardous Area Reporting Service in designated areas – not in the Gulf Coast, but can request from ATC. AIM §4-1-21

19. Survival Equipment(*= Minimum CGA Individual Required) *PFDs, 1 Per Seat * SeaDye Marker *MK-3Signal Mirror * Whistle * PocketKnife “Space” Blanket First Aid Kit *MK-124 Smoke/Flare *MS-2000 Strobe Light *Chem/Light Sticks EPIRB/ELT Rafts

20. Personal Floatation Device (PFD) PFDs Two Styles Manual CO2 activation Orange 485 CG-LPSV Single oral inflation tube Black 489 CG Pro Vest Dual oral inflation tubes

21. Sea Dye Marker MIL-S-17980 Fluorescent Green Visible for 10 miles From 3,000 ft. altitude Average usage time = 20 – 30 minutes Scull water, return dye to pouch Re deploy as needed

22. MK-3 Signal Mirror NSN 6350-01-455-6695 Two sizes = 3” x 5” or 2” x 3” Flash can be seen for over 100 miles Usable even if overcast Instructions on back

23. Signal Mirror Effectivness

24. Whistle MIL-W-1053 Plastic construction Attached lanyard Can be heard over ¼ mile away Signal other crewmembers Signal SAR personnel

25. G/P Pocket Knife MIL-K-818 General purpose pocket knife Stainless steel 2 3/8” Spear blade Can opener Punch Screwdriver Cap lifter & shackle

26. Survival “Space” Blanket Opens to 56” x 84” Orange/Silver Mylar Reflects sun Retains 80-90% of body heat

27. MK -124 MOD 0 Smoke Flare NSN 1370-01-030-8330 Day/Smoke, Night/Flare Remove black rubber cap(s) Day end has red sliding activator Night end has two metal ridge bands & clear/white sliding activator Once activator is slid into position, depress with thumb

28. Strobe Light MS-2000 NSN 6230-01-411-8535 High intensity Xenon Strobe 25,000 peak lumens, per flash Visible up to 2 miles 50 flashes per minute Waterproof down to 33 feet Sliding switch usable w/flight gloves Uses 2, AA batteries

29. Chemical Light Sticks Cyalume Snap Light 6” long Non-toxic Bend tube & shake to activate Typical duration = 8 – 12 hours If you buy at the store, be sure they haven’t been cracked open in the package

30. Inflatable Single Place Life Raft One person ISPLR Weighs only 5.4 lbs Twin chamber buoyancy tube provides 180 lbs of buoyancy Two 75 gram CO2 inflation cylinders Attached canopy Sea anchor Board from the front, toe

31. Optional Equipment Insect repellant Waterproof matches Sunscreen cream Pocket compass Survival knife(s) Water packets 2-way radio/PLB Aerial Flares Waterproof bag(s) High energy snack(s)

32. Offshore Operations Overwater = Flight past power off gliding distance from land Flights are limited to 50 NM from shore, except with NOC approval All crew and Paxmust wear life preservers Inflatable rafts for all on board Anti-exposure suits if water is 60 degrees or less, unless waived by Wing Commander Must have a pyrotechnic signaling device Airborne repeater must be used if out of radio range Night over-water – both pilot and observer must be instrument qualified and current CD – CAPR 60-6 §3-2 a.2. – PIC 500 hours and instrument qualified and current

33. Ditching Procedures Have a Ditching Plan Recognize The Emergency EARLY Use a Ditching Checklist PRACTICE Ditching Procedures On the ground/classroom (1 minute drill) At altitude (1,000 foot drill)

34. Ditching Checklist Best Angle Of Glide Turn INTO Wind Attempt Restart Transponder 7700 Transmit MAYDAY ELT On Ignition & Master OFF Seat Belts TIGHT Doors UNLOCKED & AJAR Secure or Jettison Loose Items -or- Touchdown NOSE HIGH & Minimum Airspeed

35. Touchdown on Crest/Backside Of Swells Wind < 15 KTS Touchdown Parallel With Swells Wind > 15, < 30 KTS Touchdown 1/2 Way Between Swells & Wind Wind > 30 KTS Touchdown Into The Wind

36. Splashdown And Egress Shock Physiological Psychological Injuries Types Prevention Egress Seven Step Method

37. 7 Steps to Underwater Egress 1. Establish good reference point 2. Remove everything, except seat belt 3. Open Exits, doors, windows 4. Reestablish reference point 5. Take deep breaths often as possible 6. Stop everything, count 5-8 seconds 7. Hand-over-hand egress method!

38. Survival In The Water Flotation First Aid Hypothermia Predator Fish Signaling

39. Raft Survival • S – Separate • L – Lubricate • I – Inspect for sharp objects • P – Penetrate the Raft

40. AAAA Raft Survival • A – Air • A – Assist • A – Anchor • A – Accessories • A – Assess your situation

41. Hypothermia Body Core Temperature Body Heat Loss Heat Loss Prevention “HELP”Method HeatEscapeLesseningPosture Huddle Method

42. HypothermiaSurvival Times

43. Survival Swimming Topics include… Familiarity With Water Environment Drown Proofing Treading Water

44. Familiarity With Water Biannual Swim, (with PFD) Learn to Relax In The Water PFD Use/Operation Raft Drills PRACTICE!

45. Drown Proofing Conserves Energy & Helps Stay Afloat Place Most of The Body Underwater Bend Slightly At Waist, Chin on Chest, Arms on Surface Lift Head to Exhale, Inhale, And Return To Rest Position AVOID in Hypothermia Conditions

46. Treading Water Lean Slightly Forward, Keep Most of The Body Immersed Use a Modified “Frog” Kick Scull With Hands Planed OK in Hypothermia Conditions Uses More Energy However

47. Rescue Stay Calm, DON’T Panic Get In Raft, Stay TOGETHER Average Military Rescue Time = 4 Hours Once In Raft Fire ONE Flare, Save Others Most Victims Die RIGHT AS Rescuers Arrive - DON’T GIVE UP!!

48. Helicopter Pick-Up Once Visually Sighted, Use Flare, Smoke Or Mirror Prepare For Strong Rotor Down Drafts (secure loose gear and abandon & deflate your raft) DoEXACTLYWhat The Rescue-Swimmer Says! DoNOTTry To “Assist” The Rescue-Swimmer

49. Thank You Very Much “A safe flight, is no accident!”

50. Final Comments & Questions