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Jefferson & the Republicans 1800 - 1814

Jefferson & the Republicans 1800 - 1814. HIS 103. “The Revolution of 1800”. Peaceful transfer of power set precedent Jefferson & Burr finished tied, so election settled in House – led to passage of 12 th Amendment (1804) Jefferson’s 1 st Inaugural Address called for end to party strife

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Jefferson & the Republicans 1800 - 1814

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  1. Jefferson & the Republicans1800 - 1814 HIS 103

  2. “The Revolution of 1800” • Peaceful transfer of power set precedent • Jefferson & Burr finished tied, so election settled in House – led to passage of 12th Amendment (1804) • Jefferson’s 1st Inaugural Address called for end to party strife • Government moved to Washington, D.C. in 1800

  3. Washington, DC in 1800

  4. Dismantling Hamilton’s system • Tried to pay off debt as quickly as possible • Bank of U.S. allowed to expire in 1811 • Size of government reduced to cut taxes • Replaced Federalist officials with Republicans • Tried to impeach Federalist judges

  5. Marbury v. Madison (1803) • Secretary of State Madison refused to deliver Adams’ “midnight commissions” • Marshall ruled: • Marbury was entitled to commission, but . . . • Court had no jurisdiction because 1789 Judiciary Act was unconstitutional • Set precedent of judicial review Chief Justice John Marshall

  6. The Louisiana Purchase and the Lewis & Clark Expedition • Jefferson used loose construction to justify Louisiana Purchase (1803) • Napoleon couldn’t defend it, so sold it for $15 million • Sent Lewis & Clark Expedition to explore Missouri River, hoping for easy connection to Pacific

  7. Meriwether Lewis & William Clark

  8. Caught in the Middle between Britain & France • Stalemate between Great Britain & France had led each to cut off trade with the other • Napoleon’s Continental System barred trade with Britain • British declared right to seize all neutral shipping & search for deserters from Royal Navy (impressment) • Threatened U.S. status as largest neutral carrier • Jefferson responded with Embargo (1807-09) • Cut off all foreign trade • Ruined New England merchants • Macon’s Bill #2 (1810) restored trade, but promised to renew nonintercourse with other country if either Britain or France would change their policy • Congress declared war on Britain in June 1812

  9. The War of 1812 • Americans invaded Canada but failed to conquer it • British launched 2-prong attack in 1814 • Chesapeake invasion stopped at Battle of Fort McHenry • Champlain invasion stopped at Battle of Plattsburgh • Andrew Jackson defeated British at New Orleans (Jan. 1815) • Treaty of Ghent (Dec. 1814) restored status quo ante bellum

  10. British Burn Washington, Aug. 1814

  11. Dolley Madison & Gilbert Stuart’s Portrait of Washington

  12. Effects of the War of 1812 • Renewed patriotism • Francis Scott Key’s “Star Spangled Banner” becomes national anthem • Capt. Lawrence’s cry, “Don’t give up the ship,” becomes Navy motto • Created demand for more active federal government • Recognized Jefferson’s cuts left country woefully unprepared • Spurred internal improvements (roads, canals, etc.) • Federalists discredited by talk of secession at the Hartford Convention (1814)

  13. Ft. McHenry & Its Famous Flag

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