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The First Spartan Hegemony (404-395)

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The First Spartan Hegemony (404-395)

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  1. I. First Spartan Hegemony (404-395) II. Corinthian War (395-387) III. Second Spartan Hegemony (387-371) --ended by Battle of Leuctra IV. Alternatives to Spartan Hegemony: Second Athenian Sea League (378-355) --ended by Social War Theban Hegemony (371-362) --ended by 2nd Battle of Mantinea

  2. The First Spartan Hegemony (404-395) 401 B.C. Greek intervention in Persian succession struggle; Cyrus killed at Battle of Cunaxa; march of the 10,000 led by Xenophon 400 B.C. Tissaphernes demands submission of Greeks in Asia Minor; Spartans intervene against Persia 399 B.C. Sparta demands autonomia for outlying cities of Elis; Elean War 398 B.C. Elis accedes to Spartan demands 396 B.C. King Agesilaus assumes command of Spartan forces in Asia; Persian agent Timocrates finances anti-Spartan parties in Greece 395 B.C. Thebes backs Locris in dispute with Phocis; Sparta intervenes for Phocis. Spartan attack on Haliartus fails; Lysander killed; Pausanias exiled , Thebes, Corinth and Argos join forces against Sparta: start of Corinthian War

  3. The Corinthian War (395-387) 394 B.C. Conon and the Persians defeat Spartans at Battle of Cnidos; Agesilaus recalled to Greece; Athens rebuilds Piraeus fortifications and Long Walls 393 B.C. Pharnabazus addresses anti-Spartan alliance at Corinth; Athens begins retaking possessions in NE Aegean; federation of Argos and Corinth (isopoliteia) 392 B.C. First “peace conference” at Sardis fails 390 B.C. Iphicrates destroys Spartan military force W of Corinth with light- armed troops (peltasts) 387 B.C. “The King’s Peace”guarantees autonomia for Greek states; Greeks of Asia Minor surrendered to Persia

  4. Height of the Second Spartan Hegemony (386-379) 386 B.C. Boeotian confederacy dissolved; Corinthian-Argive isopoliteia dissolved 385 B.C. Spartans flood and disperse Mantinea 384 B.C. Spartan intervention against Phlius 382 B.C. Phoebidas seizes Theban Cadmea for Sparta; puppet government installed. Pelopidas and Theban exiles escape to Athens. 381 B.C. Spartans go to war in Chalcidice to break up Chalcidian League 379 B.C. Olynthus (chief city of Chalkidian League) and Phlius surrender; height of Spartan dominance in Greece

  5. Decline of the Spartan Hegemony (379-371) 379 B.C. Pelopidas and exiles retake Thebes with Athenian assistance Athens punishes generals involved in Theban liberation Sphodrias’ raid on Piraeus 378 B.C. Sphodrias acquitted; Athens breaks with Sparta foundation of Second Athenian Confederacy Thebes begins to reassert control over Boeotia 375-374 B.C. short-lived peace 372 B.C. Thebes destroys Plataea, conquers Thespiae 371 B.C. Thebes refuses to make accept peace between Athens and Sparta; Epaminondas and Thebans defeat Spartans at Battle of Leuctra

  6. Theban Hegemony and Collapse of Spartan Power 370 B.C. Thebans gain influence throughout Greece Mantinea rebuilt; Arcadian League founded Spartans invade Arcadia: Arcadia appeals to Thebes Epaminondas invades the Peloponnese, ravages Laconia: Messenia liberated: former helots found Messene Arcadians establish new capital at Megalopolis

  7. Collapse of Theban and Athenian Hegemonies 369 B.C. Athens, fearful of Thebes, switches alliance to Sparta 365 B.C. war between Elis and Arcadia; Arcadians seize Precinct of Zeus at Olympia 364 B.C. Pisatans preside at Olympic Games 362 B.C. Quintuple Alliance (Sparta, Elis, Achaea, Athens, Mantinea) vs. Thebes Second Battle of Mantinea: Epaminondas killed Xenophon’s Hellenika ends 357 B.C. Mausolus engineers revolt of Chios, Rhodes and Cos; beginning of Social War 355 B.C. intervention of Persia in Social War; many cities leave Second Athenian Confederacy

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