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Health 4 Notes

Health 4 Notes. Sir Daj. Scene size-up Initial assessment Focused history and physical exam Vital signs History Detailed physical exam Ongoing assessment. Patient Assessment. Body Substance Isolation. Assumes all body fluids present a possible risk for infection Protective equipment

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Health 4 Notes

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  1. Health 4 Notes Sir Daj

  2. Scene size-up Initial assessment Focused history and physical exam Vital signs History Detailed physical exam Ongoing assessment Patient Assessment

  3. Body Substance Isolation • Assumes all body fluids present a possible risk for infection • Protective equipment • Latex or vinyl gloves should always be worn • Eye protection • Mask • Gown • Turnout gear

  4. Oncoming traffic Unstable surfaces Leaking gasoline Downed electrical lines Potential for violence Fire or smoke Hazardous materials Other dangers at crash or rescue scenes Crime scenes Scene Safety: Potential Hazards

  5. Develop a General Impression • Occurs as you approach the scene and the patient • Assessment of the environment • Patient’s chief complaint • Presenting signs and symptoms of patient

  6. Obtaining Consent • Introduce self. • Ask patient’s name. • Obtain consent.

  7. Chief Complaint • Most serious problem voiced by the patient • May not be the most significant problem present

  8. Assessing Mental Status • Responsiveness • How the patient responds to external stimuli • Orientation • Mental status and thinking ability

  9. Testing Responsiveness • AAlert • VResponsive to Verbal stimulus • PResponsive to Pain • UUnresponsive

  10. Check Airway • Labored breathing • Accessory muscles • Noisy breathing • Cyanosis • Rate and depth • Air movement • Choking

  11. Unconscious? Absence of Breathing? Perform BLS!!

  12. Unresponsive but BREATHING?? . . . Continue with the Assessment

  13. Vital Signs Pulse Rapid/weak shock, diabetic coma Rapid/strong heat stroke, hypertension Slow/strong stroke, skull fracture None cardiac arrest

  14. Vital Signs Respiration Shallow shock Irregular obstruction Wheezing asthma None cardiac arrest

  15. Vital Signs Blood Pressure < 100 mmHg shock > 135 mmHg hypertension Skin Temperature Hot dry heat exposure Cool clammy shock

  16. Vital Signs Pupils Constricted drugs, poison Unequal concussion, stroke Dilated shock, hemorrhage

  17. Mechanism of Injury • Helps determine the possible extent of injuries on trauma patients • Evaluate: • Amount of force applied to body • Length of time force was applied • Area of the body involved

  18. Nature of Illness • Search for clues to determine the nature of illness. • Often described by the patient’s chief complaint • Gather information from the patient and people on scene. • Observe the scene.

  19. Opening The Airway Head Tilt Chin Lift Jaw Thrust

  20. FBAO Foreign Body Airway Obstruction

  21. Types of Obstruction Anatomical Mechanical Partial Complete Partial Complete

  22. Complete Partial • inability to speak • absence of breath sounds • flared nostrils • restlessness • unresponsive • weak cough • wheezing • strained breathing • slight cyanosis

  23. First Aid • Back blows • Heimlich Maneuver • Chest Thrusts

  24. Cardiovascular Emergencies A rapid decline in heart function due to poor blood flow or electrical activity. LIFE THREATENING!! Examples are cardiac arrest, heart attack, and arrhythmia

  25. THREE CONDITIONS OF CARDIAC ARREST 1. Cardio Vascular Collapse The heart is still beating but its action is so weak that is not being circulated through the vascular system to the brain body tissues. 2. Ventricular Fibrillation Occurs when the individual fascicles of the heart beat independently rather than the coordinated, synchronized manner that produce rhythmic heart beat. 3. Cardiac standstill It means that the heart has stopped beating.

  26. Cardiovascular Emergencies Heart attack is the death of the heart muscle due to deficient blood supply. Usually mistaken for angina pectoris. What causes heart attack?

  27. What are the symptoms? First Aid? 1. Check ABCs 2. Call EMS 3. If possible, give nitroglycerine 4. If needed, use AED

  28. Cardiovascular Emergencies • Arrhythmia is a broad classification of heart disorders that pertain to irregularity in the sinus rhythm • Bradycardia – too slow • Tachycardia – too fast

  29. Chain of Survival

  30. Basic Life Support A term used to describe the first aid procedures necessary to sustain life when the cardiovascular system is compromised. determine responsiveness

  31. Basic Life Support A term used to describe the first aid procedures necessary to sustain life when the cardiovascular system is compromised. activate EMS

  32. Basic Life Support A term used to describe the first aid procedures necessary to sustain life when the cardiovascular system is compromised. open the airway

  33. Basic Life Support A term used to describe the first aid procedures necessary to sustain life when the cardiovascular system is compromised. determine breathlessness

  34. Basic Life Support A term used to describe the first aid procedures necessary to sustain life when the cardiovascular system is compromised. give chest compressions

  35. Basic Life Support A term used to describe the first aid procedures necessary to sustain life when the cardiovascular system is compromised. give rescue breathing 5 cycles in 2 minutes

  36. Basic Life Support A term used to describe the first aid procedures necessary to sustain life when the cardiovascular system is compromised. defibrillate if available

  37. Basic Life Support A term used to describe the first aid procedures necessary to sustain life when the cardiovascular system is compromised. recovery position

  38. When not to give CPR • Patient has a valid “Do Not Attempt Resuscitation” (DNAR) order. • Signs of irreversible death: Rigor Mortis, Decapitation. • No physiological benefit can be expected because the vital functions have deteriorated despite maximal therapy.

  39. When to S.T.O.P. CPR SPONTANEOUSsigns of circulation are restored. TURNEDover to medical services or properly trained and authorized personnel. OPERATORis already exhausted and cannot continue CPR. PHYSICIANassumes responsibility (declares death, take over, etc.).

  40. Automated External Defibrillators are medical devices that deliver a controlled shock through pads or electrodes placed in specific locations on the victim’s chest. What is a fibrillation?

  41. Special Situations • if victim is a child . . . • if victim is near water . . . • if victim has pacemaker . . . • if victim has patch over electrode site . . . • if victim has hairy chest

  42. Using an AED • Turn the power ON • Attach the electrodes to the victim’s bare chest

  43. Using an AED 3. Be sure no one is touching the victim and press ANALYZE 4. Deliver a SHOCK if indicated

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